@article {2799,
	title = {Hate in a Tweet: Exploring Internet-Based Islamophobic Discourses},
	journal = {Religions},
	year = {2018},
	abstract = {Islamophobia is the unfounded hostility against Muslims. While anti-Muslim feelings have been explored from many perspectives and in different settings, Internet-based Islamophobia remains under-researched. What are the characteristics of online Islamophobia? What are the differences (if any) between online and offline anti-Muslim narratives? This article seeks to answer these questions through a qualitative analysis of tweets written in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum on European Union membership (also known as {\textquotedblleft}Brexit{\textquotedblright}), which was followed by a surge of Islamophobic episodes. The analysis of the tweets suggests that online Islamophobia largely enhances offline anti-Islam discourses, involving narratives that frame Muslims as violent, backward, and unable to adapt to Western values. Islamophobic tweets also have some peculiar characteristics: they foster global networks, contain messages written by so-called {\textquotedblleft}trolls{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}bots,{\textquotedblright} and contribute to the spreading of {\textquotedblleft}fake news.{\textquotedblright} The article suggests that, in order to counteract online Islamophobia, it is important to take into account the networked connections among social media, news media platforms, and offline spaces.},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/9/10/307/htm},
	author = {Evolvi, Giulia}
}
