@mastersthesis {41,
	title = {At the Frontlines of God{\textquoteright}s Army: BattleCry as a Microcosm of Modern Evangelical Culture},
	volume = {BA},
	year = {2008},
	month = {April 2008},
	school = {Wesleyan University},
	address = {Middletown, Connecticut},
	abstract = {In this thesis, I will argue that BattleCry offers an accurate glimpse at major trends within evangelical culture at the beginning of the 21st century. BattleCry offers its members literature, rock concerts, and a full social networking website, not to mention mission trips and its own clothing line. Owing to this emphasis on varied multimedia experiences of Christianity, BattleCry sheds light on multiple aspects of modern-day evangelical life. BattleCry and its mini-empire encompass many of the new frontiers of evangelism {\textendash} through the use of the Internet and Christian rock and pop music, BattleCry is extremely accessible to and effective with today{\textquoteright}s Christian youth. Theirs is not simply a particularly successful marketing strategy, however; because of its depth as an organization, BattleCry serves as a microcosm of current evangelical culture, reflecting the priorities, strategies, and rhetoric of many of their compatriots.},
	keywords = {army, evangelism, God},
	url = {http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1161\&context=etd_hon_theses},
	author = {Lilly Matson Dagdigian}
}
@book {132,
	title = {TechGnosis: Myth, Magic, and Mysticism in the Age of Information},
	year = {1998},
	publisher = {Random House},
	organization = {Random House},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {"A most informative account of a culture whose secular concerns continue to collide with their supernatural flip-side."--"Voice Literary Supplement" In this dazzling book, writer and cyber guru Erik Davis demonstrates how religious imagination, magical dreams and millennialist fervor have always permeated the story of technology. Through shamanism to Gnosticism, voodoo to alchemy, Buddhism to evangelism, "TechGnosis" peels away the rational shell of infotech to reveal the utopian dreams, alien obsessions and apocalyptic visions that populate the ongoing digital revolution. Erik Davis{\textquoteright} work has appeared in "Wired," "The Village Voice" and "Gnosis," and he has lectured internationally on technoculture and new forms of religion. He is a fifth-generation Californian who currently lives in San Francisco.},
	keywords = {information, magic, myth, technology},
	author = {Davis, Erik}
}
@inbook {325,
	title = {The Mediation of Religious Experience in Cyberspace},
	booktitle = {Religion and Cyberspace},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {15-37},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards for all of the major world faiths, as well as for pagan organisations and new religious movements. It also abounds with misinformation, religious bigotry and information terrorism. Scholars of religion need to understand the emerging forum that the web offers to religion, and the kinds of religious and social interaction that it enables. Religion and Cyberspace explores how religious individuals and groups are responding to the opportunities and challenges that cyberspace brings. It asks how religious experience is generated and enacted online, and how faith is shaped by factors such as limitless choice, lack of religious authority, and the conflict between recognised and non-recognised forms of worship. Combining case studies with the latest theory, its twelve chapters examine topics including the history of online worship, virtuality versus reality in cyberspace, religious conflict in digital contexts, and the construction of religious identity online. Focusing on key themes in this groundbreaking area, it is an ideal introduction to the fascinating questions that religion on the Internet presents.},
	keywords = {cyberspace, Experience, religion},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=KxSmkuySB28C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA15\&dq=The+Mediation+of+Religious+Experience+in+Cyberspace\&ots=0g7zYpYFsK\&sig=nJ_zWsxPo0CCr1xnmMjA9F8ILGc$\#$v=onepage\&q=The\%20Mediation\%20of\%20Religious\%20Experience\%20in\%20Cyberspace\&f=fals},
	author = {Dawson, L.}
}
@inbook {219,
	title = {Researching Religion in Cyberspace: Issues and Strategies},
	booktitle = {Religion on the Internet. Research Prospects and Promises. },
	year = {2000},
	pages = {25-54},
	publisher = {JAI Press},
	organization = {JAI Press},
	address = {Amsterdam, London and New York},
	abstract = {Religion on the Internet is the first systematic inquiry into the nature, scope and content of religion in cyberspace. Contributors to this volume include leading social scientists engaged in systematic studies of how organizations and individuals are presenting religion on the Internet. Their combined efforts provide a conceptual mapping of religion in cyberspace at this moment. The individual papers and collective insights found in this volume add up to a valuable agenda of research that will enrich understanding of this new phenomenon. Among the contributors are the founders of three of the most important scholarly religion web sites on the Internet: American Religion Data Archive, Religious Tolerance, and Religious Movements Homepage.
Religion and the Internet is essential reading for all who seek to understand how religion is being presented on the Internet and how this topic is likely to unfold in the years ahead.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_on_the_Internet.html?id=xXVgQgAACAAJ},
	author = {Dawson, Lorne}
}
@book {180,
	title = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {After sex, religion is one of the most popular and pervasive topics of interest online, with over three million Americans turning to the internet each day for religious information and spiritual guidance. Tens of thousands of elaborate websites are dedicated to every manner of expression.Religion Onlineprovides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to this burgeoning new religious reality, from cyberpilgrimages to neo-pagan chatroom communities. A substantial introduction by the editors presenting the main themes and issues is followed by sixteen chapters addressing core issues of concern such as youth, religion and the internet, new religious movements and recruitment, propaganda and the countercult, and religious tradition and innovation. The volume also includes thePew Internet and American Life ProjectExecutiveSummary, the most comprehensive and widely cited study on how Americans pursue religion online, and Steven O{\textquoteright}Leary{\textquoteright}s field-definingCyberspace as SacredSpace.},
	keywords = {information and communication technology, methodology, social networks},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=xy0PJrrWXH4C\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Dawson, Lorne and Cowan, Douglas}
}
@article {2703,
	title = {New religions and the internet: Recruiting in a new public space},
	journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
	abstract = {The mass suicide of 39 members of Heaven{\textquoteright}s Gate in March of 1997 led to public fears about the presence of {\textquoteleft}spiritual predators{\textquoteright} on the world wide web. This paper describes and examines the nature of these fears, as reported in the media. It then sets these fears against what we know about the use of the Internet by new religions, about who joins new religious movements and why, and the social profile of Internet users. It is argued that the emergence of the Internet has yet to significantly change the nature of religious recruitment in contemporary society. The Internet as a medium of communication, however, may be having other largely unanticipated effects on the form and functioning of religion, both old and new, in the future. Some of the potential perils of the Internet are discussed with reference to the impact of this new medium on questions of religious freedom, community, social pluralism, and social control.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537909908580850},
	author = {Dawson, Lorne L. and Hennebry, Jenna}
}
@book {1287,
	title = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	keywords = {Australia, cyberspace, identity, internet, Islam, religion, Spirituality, USA, virtual community, Youth},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=wv7yBEkNy90C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PP2\&dq=religion+and+internet\&ots=CA4s_YcVP2\&sig=xdDIUwtCtkJoZbGLjswTPVLMeg4$\#$v=onepage\&q=religion\%20and\%20internet\&f=false},
	author = {Lorne L. Dawson and Douglas E. Cowan}
}
@article {1918,
	title = {Information And Communication Technologies In Religious Tourism And Pilgrimage},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {Special issue of the IJRTP - International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage},
	keywords = {eReligion, eTourism},
	url = {http://arrow.dit.ie/ijrtp/vol4/iss3/},
	author = {De Ascaniis, Silvia and Cantoni, Lorenzo}
}
@article {1195,
	title = {Seeking the Sacred Online: Internet and the Individualization of Religious Life in Quebec},
	journal = {Anthropologica},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2012},
	chapter = {19},
	keywords = {Access to resources, Canada, Contemporary Religious Community, digital cultures, internet, network, New Media and Society, new media engagement, New Technology and Society},
	url = {http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN\&cpsidt=26049890},
	author = {M Deirdre}
}
@book {263,
	title = {Halos and avatars: Playing (video) games with God},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {Westminster Press.},
	organization = {Westminster Press.},
	address = {Louisville},
	abstract = {Craig Detweiler{\textquoteright}s collection of up-to-the-minute essays on video games{\textquoteright} theological themes (and yes, they do exist!) is an engaging and provocative book for gamers, parents, pastors, media scholars, and theologians--virtually anyone who has dared to consider the ramifications of modern society{\textquoteright}s obsession with video games and online media. Together, these essays take on an exploding genre in popular culture and interpret it through a refreshing and enlightening philosophical lens.},
	keywords = {avatars, God, Halo, video games},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=GomyEvcocJsC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Deitweiler, Craig}
}
@inbook {250,
	title = {Religionless in Seattle},
	booktitle = {Exploring Religion and the Sacred in a Media Age},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {85-104},
	publisher = {Ashgate},
	organization = {Ashgate},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {In recent years, there has been growing awareness across a range of academic disciplines of the value of exploring issues of religion and the sacred in relation to cultures of everyday life. Exploring Religion and the Sacred in a Media Age offers inter-disciplinary perspectives drawing from theology, religious studies, media studies, cultural studies, film studies, sociology and anthropology. Combining theoretical frameworks for the analysis of religion, media and popular culture, with focused international case studies of particular texts, practices, communities and audiences, the authors examine topics such as media rituals, marketing strategies, empirical investigations of audience testimony, and the influence of religion on music, reality television and the internet.Both academically rigorous and of interest to a wider readership, this book offers a wide range of fascinating explorations at the cutting edge of many contemporary debates in sociology, religion and media, including chapters on the way evangelical groups in America have made use of The Da Vinci Code and on the influences of religion on British club culture and electronic dance music.},
	keywords = {religion and internet, Seattle},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=HRmYapWETqcC\&pg=PA85\&lpg=PA85\&dq=Religionless+in+Seattle\&source=bl\&ots=Q89-xXtfO2\&sig=JU8y6qjD29n9STEiL4viFgfAJZ8\&hl=en\&ei=FFbFTqeMLMn8ggf9l8nYDg\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&resnum=3\&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg$\#$v=onepage\&q=Religionl},
	author = {Michael Delashmutt}
}
@article {251,
	title = {A Better Life Through Information Technology? The posthuman person in contemporary speculative science},
	journal = {Zygon},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {267-288},
	abstract = {The depiction of human identity in the pop-science futurology of engineer/inventor Ray Kurzweil, the speculative robotics of Carnegie Mellon roboticist Hans Moravec, and the physics of Tulane University mathematics professor Frank Tipler elevate technology, especially information technology, to a point of ultimate significance. For these three figures, information technology offers the potential means by which the problem of human and cosmic finitude can be rectified. Although Moravec{\textquoteright}s vision of intelligent robots, Kurzweil{\textquoteright}s hope for immanent human immorality, and Tipler{\textquoteright}s description of humanlike von Neumann machines colonizing the very material fabric of the universe all may appear to be nothing more than science fictional musings, they raise genuine questions as to the relationship between science, technology, and religion as regards issues of personal and cosmic eschatology. In an attempt to correct what I see as the cybernetic totalism inherent in these techno-theologies, I argue for a theology of technology that seeks to interpret technology hermeneutically and grounds human creativity in the broader context of divine creative activity. },
	url = {https://eric.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/48019/Zygon\%20Paper\%20-\%20a\%20better\%20life.pdf?sequence=1},
	author = {Michael Delashmutt}
}
@article {2175,
	title = {From Jesus to the Internet: A History of Christianity and Media},
	journal = {Christian Scholar{\textquoteright}s Review},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {102-105},
	abstract = {The title, From Jesus to the Internet, summarizes the range of his study, while the subtitle, History of Christianity and Media, describes the substance. Horsfield connects key turning points in ecclesial history with the major communication shifts of each era, from oral to written, from print through digital. While church histories may focus on the dogma being debated, Horsfield suggests that those who marshaled media most effectively usually won the ideological war. This highly readable text has implications and applications to classes in religion, theology, history, and communication. Horsfield offers a clear and succinct overview of his methodology in the introduction. He adopts a broad definition of both religion and media, approaching Christianity as "a complex and expanding mediated phenomenon, a constant creative reproduction and rhetorical reworking of Jesus to match the conditions of an ever-expanding set of constantly changing circumstances"},
	keywords = {Christianity, internet, Jesus, media},
	url = {http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE\%7CA485538340\&sid=googleScholar\&v=2.1\&it=r\&linkaccess=abs\&issn=00172251\&p=AONE\&sw=w},
	author = {Detweiler, C}
}
@article {1264,
	title = {The Forbidden Fork, the Cell Phone Holocaust, and Other Haredi Encounters with Technology},
	journal = {Contemporary Jewry},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2009},
	chapter = {3},
	abstract = {Haredi Jews valorize tradition and explicitly reject the idea of progress
on ideological grounds. Concomitantly, they are opposed to many innovations and
are highly critical of the destructive potential of modern communication technologies
such as cell phones with Internet capability that serve as pocket-sized portals
between their insular communities and the wider world. In response to this perceived
threat, Haredi authorities have issued bans on the use of certain technologies
and have endorsed the development of acceptable alternatives, such as the so-called
kosher cell phone. And yet, many Haredim, both in the United States and Israel, are
highly sophisticated users and purveyors of these same technologies. This tension
indicates that Haredim have a much more complicated relationship to technology
and to modernity, itself, than their {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}official{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} stance would suggest.},
	keywords = {cell phone, Haredim, Hasidim, Holocaust, internet, Israel, Modernity, technology, Ultra-Orthodox Jews},
	url = {http://www.nabilechchaibi.com/resources/Deutsch.pdf},
	author = {Nathaniel Deutsch}
}
@book {133,
	title = {Cyberchurch, Christianity and the Internet},
	year = {1997},
	publisher = {Kingsway Publications},
	organization = {Kingsway Publications},
	address = {Eastborne},
	keywords = {Christianity, Church, cyberspace, internet},
	author = {Dixon, Patrik}
}
@inbook {408,
	title = {Identity and deception in the virtual community},
	booktitle = {Communities in Cyberspace},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {29-59},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London \& New York},
	abstract = {This wide-ranging introductory text looks at the virtual community of cyberspace and analyses its relationship to real communities lived out in today{\textquoteright}s societies. Issues such as race, gender, power, economics and ethics in cyberspace are grouped under four main sections and discussed by leading experts:

* identity
* social order and control
* community structure and dynamics
* collective action.

This topical new book displays how the idea of community is being challenged and rewritten by the increasing power and range of cyberspace. As new societies and relationships are formed in this virtual landscape, we now have to consider the potential consequences this may have on our own community and societies. Clearly and concisely written with a wide range of international examples, this edited volume is an essential introduction to the sociology of the internet. It will appeal to students and professionals, and to those concerned about the changing relationships between information technology and a society which is fast becoming divided between those on-line and those not.},
	keywords = {deception, identity, virtual community},
	url = {http://harvard.academia.edu/JudithDonath/Papers/554206/Identity_and_deception_in_the_virtual_community},
	author = {Donath, J. S.}
}
@article {2905,
	title = {Ethical challenges of algorithmic journalism},
	journal = {Digital Journalism},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {With the institutionalization of algorithms as content creators, professional journalism is facing transformation and novel ethical challenges. This article focuses on the concept of Algorithmic Journalism on the basis of natural language generation and provides a framework to identify and discuss ethical issues. The analysis builds on the moral theories of deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and contractualism, and remaps the ethical discussion for Algorithmic Journalism at the intersection of digital media ethics and cyber ethics. In order to capture the whole range of potential shifts and challenges in journalism ethics, the article combines the ethical multi-layer system of responsibility by P{\"u}rer with the classification of journalism by Weischenberg, Malik, and Scholl on an organizational, professional/individual, and social/audience sphere. This analytical framework is then complemented with attributes derived from the technical potential of Algorithmic Journalism. As a result, the analysis uncovers new ethical challenges and shifts of responsibility in news production for journalism practice and journalism research at the levels of objectivity, authority, transparency, and at the level of implicit or explicit values.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2016.1167612?journalCode=rdij20},
	author = {D{\"o}rr, K. M. and Hollnbuchner, K.}
}
@book {466,
	title = {Click 2 Save: The Digital Ministry Bible},
	year = {2012},
	note = {https://www.churchpublishing.org/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=productDetail\&productID=9610},
	month = {05/2012},
	publisher = {Morehouse},
	organization = {Morehouse},
	type = {Book},
	address = {Harrisburg, PA},
	abstract = {Social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube provide opportunities for congregations and religious organizations to open the doors and windows to their common life before people ever encounter them in person. In this digitally-integrated world, it{\textquoteright}s no longer all about getting your message out as if people are passively waiting for the latest news from the parish, diocese, or national church. Rather, it s about using new media to create spaces where meaningful relationships can develop. 
 <br>
Click 2 Save: The Digital Ministry Bible is a hands-on strategy guide for religious leaders who want to enrich and extend their ministries using digital media like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and church or personal blogs. An ideal companion to Tweet If You Jesus: Practicing Church in the Digital Reformation (Morehouse, 2011), Click 2 Save draws on extensive research and experience in church and other ministry settings to provide functional, how-to guidance on effectively using social networking sites in the day-to-day context of ministry.},
	keywords = {internet and ministry, internet and religion, practical theology, religious leadership, social media and religion},
	isbn = {13: 9780819227744},
	author = {Drescher, Elizabeth and Anderson, Keith}
}
@book {255,
	title = {Tweet If You Heart Jesus: Practicing Church in the Digital Reformation},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {Morehouse Publishing},
	organization = {Morehouse Publishing},
	abstract = {Churches everywhere are scrambling to get linked with Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. But are they ready for the Digital Reformation: the dramatic global shift in the nature of faith, social consciousness and relationship that these digital social media have ushered in? Tweet If You ♥ Jesus brings the wisdom of ancient and medieval Christianity into conversation with contemporary theories of cultural change and the realities of social media, all to help churches navigate a landscape where faith, leadership and community have taken on new meanings.},
	keywords = {Church, Jesus, reformation, Twitter},
	url = {https://www.churchpublishing.org/products/index.cfm?fuseaction=productDetail\&productID=8830},
	author = {Drescher, E}
}
@inbook {2133,
	title = {Introduction: Situating Dynamics of Mediatization},
	booktitle = {Dynamics Of Mediatization},
	number = {Transforming Communications {\textendash} Studies in Cross-Media Research},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	organization = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	abstract = {In the introduction to this volume, we set out why it is important to focus on dynamics of mediatization and how this contributes to the study of media-related social change. We stress that to fully understand dynamics of change, mediatization should be studied in interrelation with other meta-processes, such as commercialization or politicization. Furthermore, also the contexts of change need to be taken seriously, in terms of field(s) of analysis, space and geography, as well as in terms of time, thereby avoiding so-called epochalist thinking.},
	keywords = {mediatization},
	issn = {978-3-319-62982-7},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62983-4_1$\#$citeas},
	author = {Driessens, O and Hjarvard, S}
}
@article {2068,
	title = {Who would Jesus bomb? The Republican Jesus meme and the fracturing of ideology},
	journal = {Social Media + Society},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-March},
	pages = {1-12},
	abstract = {This project joins a growing conversation about the cultural significance of memes (and Internet memes in particular), offering a critical analysis of Republican Jesus{\textemdash}one popular image macro that mocks contemporary American conservatism{\textemdash}in order to illustrate the rhetorical potential of these putatively harmless do-it yourself (DIY) creations. Ultimately, I argue that Republican Jesus offers a critique of contemporary conservatism that creates {\textquotedblleft}perspective by incongruity{\textquotedblright} and, thereby, creates a space for ideological struggle.},
	keywords = {Ideology, Jesus, meme},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305116637095$\#$articleCitationDownloadContainer},
	author = {Duerringer, C. A}
}
@book {409,
	title = {The Elementary Forms of Religious Life},
	year = {1995},
	publisher = {Free Press},
	organization = {Free Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {In The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912), Emile Durkheim sets himself the task of discovering the enduring source of human social identity. He investigates what he considered to be the simplest form of documented religion - totemism among the Aborigines of Australia. For Durkheim, studying Aboriginal religion was a way {\textquoteright}to yield an understanding of the religious nature of man, by showing us an essential and permanent aspect of humanity{\textquoteright}. The need and capacity of men and women to relate to one another socially lies at the heart of Durkheim{\textquoteright}s exploration, in which religion embodies the beliefs that shape our moral universe.
The Elementary Forms has been applauded and debated by sociologists, anthropologists, ethnographers, philosophers, and theologians, and continues to speak to new generations about the intriguing origin and nature of religion and society. This new, lightly abridged edition provides an excellent introduction to Durkheim{\textquoteright}s ideas.
},
	keywords = {religion},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=3j5tyWkEZSYC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Durkheim, E.}
}
