@book {324,
	title = {The Internet and the Madonna},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {The University of Chicago Press.},
	organization = {The University of Chicago Press.},
	address = {Chicago},
	keywords = {celebrities, internet, Madonna, media},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=tEuerA4ai0oC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Paulo Apolito}
}
@conference {1894,
	title = {La foi et le langage : paradigmes de sens pour les m{\'e}dias},
	booktitle = {4th Workshop international Essachess: M{\'e}dia, spiritualit{\'e} et la{\"\i}cit{\'e} : Regards crois{\'e}s franco-roumains},
	year = {2015},
	month = {12/2015},
	publisher = {Iarsic},
	organization = {Iarsic},
	address = {Bucarest-Villa Noel},
	abstract = {Cette communication t{\^a}chera de montrer dans la perspective d{\textquoteright}une {\'e}pist{\'e}mologie sociale que les paradigmes de sens irr{\'e}ductibles pour toute type de m{\'e}diatisation sont la foi et le langage. Elle produira une argumentation en faveur de l{\textquoteright}hypoth{\`e}se que ce qui est fondamentalement sp{\'e}cifique pour les diff{\'e}rents approches m{\'e}diatiques de la r{\'e}alit{\'e} ne r{\'e}side pas dans la production de sens, mais dans la direction que chaque type de m{\'e}diatisation se donne pour orienter la vie de l{\textquoteright}individu, de la soci{\'e}t{\'e} et d{\textquoteright}une mani{\`e}re g{\'e}n{\'e}rale du monde. Enfin, la communication apportera une lecture de la libert{\'e} de conscience dans ce contexte o{\`u} l{\textquoteright}{\^e}tre humain - un existant donn{\'e} - doit s{\textquoteright} "in-former" sous la pression de l{\textquoteright}{\^e}tre social - un existant historique construit collectivement.},
	keywords = {Faith, freedom of opinion, language, media, mediatization, religion, secularization},
	isbn = {978-2-9532450-6-6},
	url = {http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/45600/ssoar-2015-bratosin-La_foi_et_le_langage.pdf?sequence=3},
	author = {Bratosin, Stefan}
}
@article {1892,
	title = {Church In The Public Sphere: Production Of Meaning Between Rational And Irrational},
	journal = {Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies},
	volume = {Vol 13},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	pages = {3-20},
	chapter = {3},
	abstract = {In the public sphere and especially in the media, the discourse on the Church and about the Church on faith and religion is often tainted by the confusion of meaning due, among other things, to the mutual borrowing less rigorous {\textendash} epistemologically and methodologically {\textendash} of the concepts which engage various disciplines (theology, sociology, anthropology, political science, information and communication science, and so on) who take possession of problematic centered on the relation between mankind and divinity. This article presents some basic benchmarks for analyzing and understanding the construction of meaning as well as the rationality or irrationality of these issues by convening the disciplinary distinction between the content of the concepts of organization and that of the institution.},
	keywords = {Church, Faith, media, production of meaning, public sphere, religion, symbolic forms},
	issn = {1583-0039},
	url = {http://jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/view/741},
	author = {Bratosin, Stefan}
}
@proceedings {1891,
	title = {M{\'e}dia, spiritualit{\'e} et la{\"\i}cit{\'e} : Regards crois{\'e}s franco-roumains},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {146},
	publisher = {Iarsic},
	edition = {Iarsic},
	address = {Les Arcs/France},
	abstract = {This scientific event brought together different authorities, academic institutions and political and media organizations at the Villa No{\"e}l in Bucharest to make an assessment on the sensitive questions related to religious freedom and liberty of conscience, on spirituality and secularity, full of meaning symbols, with a significant emotional and ethical charge. This book is a contribution to the public sphere debate on the secularity and the spirituality in the service of freedom considering two paradigmatic cases, two European countries: Romania {\textendash} statistically the most religious country of Europe, and France {\textendash} statistically the less religious country of Europe.
***
Cette manifestation scientifique a r{\'e}uni diff{\'e}rentes instances, institutions et organisations acad{\'e}miques, politiques et m{\'e}diatiques {\`a} la Villa No{\"e}l afin de dresser un bilan sur les questionnements sensibles li{\'e}s {\`a} la libert{\'e} religieuse et de conscience, {\`a} la spiritualit{\'e} et {\`a} la la{\"\i}cit{\'e}, symboles charg{\'e}s de sens intellectuel, {\'e}thique et {\'e}motionnel. Les communications sont une contribution au d{\'e}bat concernant la prise de distance {\'e}pist{\'e}mologique et {\'e}thique {\guillemotleft} politiquement correct {\guillemotright} pour une la{\"\i}cit{\'e} et une spiritualit{\'e} au service de la libert{\'e} en consid{\'e}rant deux cas paradigmatiques, deux pays europ{\'e}ens, la Roumanie et la France, dont l{\textquoteright}un est statistiquement le plus religieux de l{\textquoteright}Europe et l{\textquoteright}autre le moins religieux, et qui, dans leurs espaces publics respectifs, d{\'e}clinent diff{\'e}remment la relation entre spiritualit{\'e} et la{\"\i}cit{\'e}.},
	keywords = {France, la{\"\i}cit{\'e}, media, secularity, Spirituality},
	isbn = {978-2953245066},
	issn = {978-2953245066},
	url = {http://iarsic.com/en/product/media-spiritualite-et-laicite-regards-croises-franco-roumains/},
	author = {Bratosin, Stefan}
}
@book {572,
	title = {Analyzing Media Texts},
	series = {Continuum Research Methods Series},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {Continuum},
	organization = {Continuum},
	address = {London },
	abstract = {Andrew Burn and David Parker outline how multi-modality theory can be used to analyze texts which employ multiple semiotic modes and media, in such a way that a balanced consideration is given to the characteristics of each mode, how they integrate, and how they distribute textual functions between them. The methods are rooted in a view of significance as dependent on social context, and fulfilling the social and communicative interests of both producers of textual production and use contingent upon digital formats will also be a determining content of the analytical method.},
	keywords = {data, media, multimodality, Social, theory},
	issn = {082646470X},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=Oqn8TTphM5IC\&pg=PA62\&lpg=PA62\&dq=Burn,+A.+\%26+Parker,+D.+\%282003\%29.+Analyzing+Media+Texts\&source=bl\&ots=tEOW5buDSD\&sig=WAAVjudlOWBv6nIT89oE3mxCg5U\&hl=en$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Burns, Andrew and Parker, David}
}
@article {40,
	title = {The Basilica of Guadalupe on the Internet: The Diffusion of Religious Practices in the Era of Information Technologies},
	journal = {Renglones, Revista Arbitrada en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2009},
	month = {September 2009},
	pages = {27-36},
	publisher = {Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, A.C.},
	address = {Tlaquepaque, Mexico},
	abstract = {This article discusses the use of new information technologies for the purpose of disseminating religious beliefs. It deals in particular with the web awareness strategy used by the Basilica of Guadalupe, a pioneering institution in the use of an Internet site for religious purposes in Mexico. The author examines the relationship between media and people, rituals and spaces involved in religious practices; he also gives an overview of the different communication models favored by the Catholic Church at different moments in the history of media. With a qualitative research method, using in{\textendash}depth interviews as data collection tool, a semantic content analysis is performed, allowing identification of the main courses for the Basilica{\textquoteright}s online awareness strategy. One conclusion is that the main use for the web site is broadcasting information and providing services to the faithful, which subordinates the religious message to the advantages and conditions imposed by the medium, as well as its specific hazards, from the emitter{\textquoteright}s point of view. Given its relevance in Mexico, the communication strategy applied by the Basilica can shed light on the steps that other entities linked to the Catholic Church in this country could take in the future.},
	keywords = {Basilica of Guadalupe, Catholic Church, communication {\textendash} group and community, information technologies, internet, media, religion, religious practices {\textendash} diffusion},
	url = {http://renglones.iteso.mx/upload/archivos/pablo_aburto.pdf},
	author = {Pablo Ignacio Aburto Carvajal}
}
@inbook {674,
	title = {Authority},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Digital Religion offers a critical and systematic survey of the study of religion and new media. It covers religious engagement with a wide range of new media forms and highlights examples of new media engagement in all five of the major world religions. From cell phones and video games to blogs and Second Life, the book:

    provides a detailed review of major topics
    includes a series of case studies to illustrate and elucidate the thematic explorations
    considers the theoretical, ethical and theological issues raised.

Drawing together the work of experts from key disciplinary perspectives, Digital Religion is invaluable for students wanting to develop a deeper understanding of the field.},
	keywords = {Apps, Authority, Digital, media, religion, technology},
	issn = {9780415676106 },
	author = {Cheong, P},
	editor = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@book {406,
	title = {From Angels to Aliens: Teenagers, the Media and the Supernatural},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	abstract = {Harry Potter, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and the Left Behind series are but the latest manifestations of American teenagers{\textquoteright} longstanding fascination with the supernatural and the paranormal. In this groundbreaking book, Lynn Schofield Clark explores the implications of this fascination for contemporary religious and spiritual practices. Relying on stories gleaned from more than 250 in-depth interviews with teens and their families, Clark seeks to discover what today{\textquoteright}s teens really believe and why. She finds that as adherence to formal religious bodies declines, interest in alternative spiritualities as well as belief in "superstition" grow accordingly. Ironically, she argues, fundamentalist Christian alarmism about the forces of evil has also fed belief in a wider array of supernatural entities. Resisting the claim that the media "brainwash" teens, Clark argues that today{\textquoteright}s popular stories of demons, hell, and the afterlife actually have their roots in the U.S.{\textquoteright}s religious heritage. She considers why some young people are nervous about supernatural stories in the media, while others comfortably and often unselfconsciously blur the boundaries between those stories of the realm beyond that belong to traditional religion and those offered by the entertainment media. At a time of increased religious pluralism and declining participation in formal religious institutions, Clark says, we must completely reexamine what young people mean--and what they may believe--when they identify themselves as "spiritual" or "religious." Offering provocative insights into how the entertainment media shape contemporary religious ideas and practices, From Angels to Aliens paints a surprising--and perhaps alarming--portrait of the spiritual state of America{\textquoteright}s youth.},
	keywords = {angels, media, supernatural, teenagers},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=iQoQbO-D9HYC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Clark, L. S.}
}
@article {247,
	title = {Exploring Religion and Mediatization through a Case Study of J + K{\textquoteright}s Big Day: A Response to Stig Hjarvard},
	journal = {Journal of Religion and Culture},
	volume = {12},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June 2011},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {167},
	abstract = {This article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of Hjarvard{\textquoteright}s theory of the mediatization of religion. Suggesting actor-network-theory as a methodological approach to the study of the mediatization of religion, the article proposes a case study of the viral wedding video JK Wedding Entrance Dance to highlight problems with the assertion that the media are replacing or displacing religion{\textquoteright}s authoritative role in society.  Drawing upon recent theories of how digital and mobile media are reshaping society by enabling participation, remediation, and bricolage, I suggest instead that the media do not bring about secularization, but rather that the media are contributing to a personalization of what it means to be religious (or not). The article thus introduces an alternative definition to the concept of mediatization: that mediatization may be understood as the process by which collective uses of communication media extend the development of independent media industries and their circulation of narratives, contribute to new forms of action and interaction in the social world, and give shape to how we think of humanity and our place in the world.},
	keywords = {media, religion, Stig Hjarvard},
	author = {Lynn Schofield Clark}
}
@article {657,
	title = {Ethics in Internet },
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Catholic, Christianity, Communication, ethics, internet, media, Pontifical},
	url = {www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/pccs/documents/rc_pccs_doc_20020228_ethics-internet_en.html},
	author = {Pontifical Council For Social Communications}
}
@article {2175,
	title = {From Jesus to the Internet: A History of Christianity and Media},
	journal = {Christian Scholar{\textquoteright}s Review},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {102-105},
	abstract = {The title, From Jesus to the Internet, summarizes the range of his study, while the subtitle, History of Christianity and Media, describes the substance. Horsfield connects key turning points in ecclesial history with the major communication shifts of each era, from oral to written, from print through digital. While church histories may focus on the dogma being debated, Horsfield suggests that those who marshaled media most effectively usually won the ideological war. This highly readable text has implications and applications to classes in religion, theology, history, and communication. Horsfield offers a clear and succinct overview of his methodology in the introduction. He adopts a broad definition of both religion and media, approaching Christianity as "a complex and expanding mediated phenomenon, a constant creative reproduction and rhetorical reworking of Jesus to match the conditions of an ever-expanding set of constantly changing circumstances"},
	keywords = {Christianity, internet, Jesus, media},
	url = {http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE\%7CA485538340\&sid=googleScholar\&v=2.1\&it=r\&linkaccess=abs\&issn=00172251\&p=AONE\&sw=w},
	author = {Detweiler, C}
}
@inbook {586,
	title = {Constituents of a Theory of Media},
	booktitle = {Electronic Media and Technoculture},
	year = {2000},
	publisher = {Rutgers University Press },
	organization = {Rutgers University Press },
	chapter = {2 (pg 51-76)},
	address = {New Brunswick },
	abstract = {Never before has the future been so systematically envisioned, aggressively analyzed, and grandly theorized as in the present rush to cyberspace and digitalization. In the mid-twentieth century, questions about media technologies and society first emerged as scholarly hand-wringing about the deleterious sweep of electronic media and information technologies in mass culture. Now, questions about new technologies and their social and cultural impact are no longer limited to intellectual soothsayers in the academy but are pervasive parts of day-to-day discourses in newspapers, magazines, television, and film.

Electronic Media and Technoculture anchors contemporary discussion of the digital future within a critical tradition about the media arts, society, and culture. The collection examines a range of phenomena, from boutique cyber-practices to the growing ubiquity of e-commerce and the internet. The essays chart a critical field in media studies, providing a historical perspective on theories of new media. The contributors place discussions of producing technologies in dialogue with consuming technologies, new media in relation to old media, and argue that digital media should not be restricted to the constraining public discourses of either the computer, broadcast, motion-picture, or internet industries. The collection charts a range of theoretical positions to assist readers interested in new media and to enable them to weather the cycles of hardware obsolescence and theoretical volatility that characterize the present rush toward digital technologies.},
	keywords = {Constituents, electronic, media, media theory, theory},
	issn = {0813527341},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=n1QqHWAlmF4C\&pg=PA51\&lpg=PA51\&dq=Constituents+of+a+Theory+of+Media+by+Enzensberger+in+Electronic+Media+and+Technoculture\&source=bl\&ots=BEsekeBaWI\&sig=GUlPt4HPCAmlPqQlIgZZNSe-PIA\&hl=en\&sa=X\&ei=m0ljUO-6M6Ke2QWc9IHIBQ\&ved=0CC},
	author = {Enzensberger, H.M.},
	editor = {Caldwell, J.T.}
}
@inbook {2128,
	title = {The Logics of the Media and the Mediatized Conditions of Social Interaction},
	booktitle = {Media Logic(s) Revisited},
	number = { Transforming Communications {\textendash} Studies in Cross-Media Research},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {63-84},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	organization = {Palgrave Macmillan, Cham},
	abstract = {The notion of {\textquoteleft}media logics{\textquoteright} is useful for understanding the processes of mediatization and the ways in which media come to influence communication and social interaction in various domains of society. Media logics are the combined technological, aesthetic, and institutional modus operandi of the media and logics may in a general sociological vocabulary be understood as the rules and resources that govern a particular institutional domain. Media logics do{\quotesinglbase} however{\quotesinglbase} rarely exert their influence in isolation. We need to consider the media{\textquoteright}s influence on an aggregate level and not only at the level of the individual media and its particular logics. Mediatization involves cultural and social processes in which logics of both media and other institutions are interacting and adapting to each other and through these processes a particular configuration of logics are established within an institutional domain. Such configurations condition, but do not determine communication and social interaction. Within a particular institution such as politics or education{\quotesinglbase} the available media repertoire inserts various dynamics to communication and social interaction{\quotesinglbase} and these dynamics represent the mediatized conditions of communication and social interaction.},
	keywords = {media, mediatized, social interaction},
	issn = {978-3-319-65755-4},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-65756-1_4},
	author = {Hjarvard, S}
}
@inbook {598,
	title = {Religious Meaning in the Digital Age: Field Research on Internet/Web Religion.},
	booktitle = {Belief in Media: Cultural Perspective on Media and Christianity},
	publisher = {Ashgate},
	organization = {Ashgate},
	chapter = {10 (pg 121-136) },
	address = {Aldershot, UK},
	keywords = {Christianity, culture, field research, media, religious, Religious Media},
	issn = {0754638308},
	author = {Hoover, S. and Park, J.K.},
	editor = {Horsfield}
}
@article {382,
	title = {A Mediated Religion: Historical perspectives on Christianity and the Internet},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Christianity, history, internet and religion, media},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.278},
	author = {Horsfield, P and Teusner, P.}
}
@article {360,
	title = {A mediated religion: historical perspectives on Christianity and the Internet},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {278-295},
	keywords = {Christianity, media, religion},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.278},
	author = {Horsfield, P. G. and Teusner, P.}
}
@book {1948,
	title = {From Jesus to the Internet: A History of Christianity and Media},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Wiley Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley Blackwell},
	address = {Hoboken, New Jersey},
	keywords = {Christianity, Digital, internet, intersection, media, religion},
	issn = {978-1-118-44738-3},
	author = {Peter Horsfield}
}
@article {460,
	title = {Communicating Hinduism in a Changing Media Context},
	journal = {Religion Compass},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {136{\textendash}151},
	abstract = {New media forms have a range of implications for the way in which the Hindu community is conceived and Hinduism is practiced. Oral modes of communication continue to have a significant role in the communication of Hinduism, however, Hindus have also made effective, and often innovative, use of all media forms. The use of print made by Hindu reformers, such as Rammohun Roy, was an important feature in the conceptualization of Hinduism as a {\textquoteleft}world religion{\textquoteright}. Print technology also made possible the proliferation of visual images, which have now become incorporated into the devotional practices of many Hindus. Hindus have also developed unique genres in film and television, drawing on the rich narrative traditions of Hindu mythology. Hinduism can also be found in cyberspace. Online dar{\'s}an, online puj{\={a}} services and other uses of the Internet have enabled Hindus, both in India and in diaspora, to maintain a connection with gurus, sacred places and other aspects of tradition. These developments in communication technologies are important in understanding Hinduism today, and the way in which it has evolved in a global context.},
	keywords = {Communication, Hindu, media},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00333.x/abstract},
	author = {Jacobs, Stephen}
}
@inbook {516,
	title = {The changing faces of media and religion},
	booktitle = {Religion and Change in Modern Britain },
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London },
	abstract = {This book offers a fully up-to-date and comprehensive guide to religion in Britain since 1945. A team of leading scholars provide a fresh analysis and overview, with a particular focus on diversity and change. They examine: relations between religious and secular beliefs and institutions the evolving role and status of the churches the growth and settlement of non-Christian religious communities the spread and diversification of alternative spiritualities religion in welfare, education, media, politics and law theoretical perspectives on religious change. The volume presents the latest research, including results from the largest-ever research initiative on religion in Britain, the AHRC/ESRC Religion and Society Programme. Survey chapters are combined with detailed case studies to give both breadth and depth of coverage. The text is accompanied by relevant photographs and a companion website.
},
	keywords = {media, religion},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_And_Change_In_Modern_Britain.html?id=4OCMRAAACAAJ},
	author = {Knott, Kim. and Mitchell, Jolyon}
}
@inbook {2112,
	title = {Media and religion: Bridging {\textquoteleft}incompatible agendas{\textquoteright}},
	booktitle = {Foundations and Futures in the Sociology of Religion},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	edition = {1},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {This chapter addresses the challenge of finding adequate theories for understanding the growing complexity of the religious situation in Europe and the rest of the world through discussing the insights that can be gained through engagement with theories of the role of media in contemporary society. Various forms of media have become pivotal arenas for the new visibility of religion in Europe. While sociologists of religion are becoming more sensitive to these developments, they continue to lack the conceptual tools to adequately analyse what this means for the role and presence of religion in contemporary society. Following Grace Davie{\textquoteright}s (2000) exploration of the incompatible agendas between sociologists of religion on the one hand and media scholars on the other, the aim of this chapter will be to highlight the changes currently taking place and the emerging potential for closer dialogue between these two factions in the future.},
	keywords = {media, religion},
	issn = {9781138092327},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351607391},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M}
}
@inbook {517,
	title = {Contested Communication. Mediating the Sacred},
	booktitle = {Implications of the Sacred in (Post)Modern Media},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {43-62},
	publisher = {Nordicom},
	organization = {Nordicom},
	address = {Gothenburgh},
	abstract = {In recent years, there has been growing awareness across a range of academic disciplines of the value of exploring issues of religion and the sacred in relation to cultures of everyday life. Exploring Religion and the Sacred in a Media Age offers inter-disciplinary perspectives drawing from theology, religious studies, media studies, cultural studies, film studies, sociology and anthropology. Combining theoretical frameworks for the analysis of religion, media and popular culture, with focused international case studies of particular texts, practices, communities and audiences, the authors examine topics such as media rituals, marketing strategies, empirical investigations of audience testimony, and the influence of religion on music, reality television and the internet.Both academically rigorous and of interest to a wider readership, this book offers a wide range of fascinating explorations at the cutting edge of many contemporary debates in sociology, religion and media, including chapters on the way evangelical groups in America have made use of The Da Vinci Code and on the influences of religion on British club culture and electronic dance music.
},
	keywords = {Communication, media, Sacred},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=HRmYapWETqcC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Lundby, Knut.}
}
@inbook {2085,
	title = {Media and transformations of religion},
	booktitle = {Religion across Media: From Early Antiquity to Late Modernity},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {185{\textendash}202},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {media, religion},
	issn = {9781453910856},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Across_Media.html?id=6yDUngEACAAJ},
	author = {Lundby, K}
}
@article {2131,
	title = {Religion between Politics and Media: Conflicting Attitudes towards Islam in Scandinavia},
	journal = {Journal of Religion in Europe},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {437-456},
	abstract = {Based on a comparative project on media and religion across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, this article analyzes relationships between religiosity and political attitudes in Scandinavia and how these connect with attitudes regarding the representation of Islam in various media. Data comes from population-wide surveys conducted in the three countries in April 2015. Most Scandinavians relate {\textquoteleft}religion{\textquoteright} with conflict, and half of the population perceives Islam as a threat to their national culture. Scandinavians thus perceive religion in terms of political tensions and predominantly feel that news media should serve a critical function towards Islam and religious conflicts. Finally, the results of the empirical analysis are discussed in view of the intertwined processes of politicization of Islam and mediatization of religion.},
	keywords = {Islam, media, Politics, religion, Scandinavia},
	url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/18748929-01004005},
	author = {Lundby, K and Hjarvard, S and L{\"o}vheim, M and Jernsletten, H.H}
}
@book {2830,
	title = {The Sacred in the Modern World: A Cultural Sociological Approach},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {The central aim of this book is to provide a theoretical framework for using the concept of the sacred as a tool for social and cultural analysis. It differentiates between ontological theories of the sacred which locate the sacred in the essence of the cosmos or the human person, and a cultural sociological approach which understands the sacred as culturally constructed. Adopting the latter, a critical re-reading is given of Emile Durkheim{\textquoteright}s understanding of the sacred, and of later theoretical contributions made by Edward Shils, Robert Bellah, and Jeffrey Alexander. Using this framework, the intersection of multiple sacred forms is used to analyse the cultural meanings surrounding the systemic abuse and neglect of children within the Irish industrial school system. The role of public media in circulating sacred meanings is also discussed, and the case of the BBC{\textquoteright}s refusal to air a humanitarian appeal for Gaza in 2009 is explored to demonstrate the tensions between the sacred function of public media and journalistic notions of impartiality. The book concludes by examining whether human society without sacred forms is possible, and argues that the communicative structure of the sacred underlies the very notion of moral, human society. A critical approach to the sacred is required which involves both a recognition of the harm that can be done through the pursuit of sacred commitments, and the development of critical practices that make it possible to understand the significance of the sacred in social life.},
	keywords = {child abuse, cultural sociology, Edward Shils, Emile Durkheim, industrial schools, Jeffrey Alexander, media, Robert Bellah, Sacred},
	url = {https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557011.001.0001/acprof-9780199557011},
	author = {Lynch, Gordon}
}
@book {658,
	title = {The Virtual Community},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {Harper Perennial},
	organization = {Harper Perennial},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {"When you think of a title for a book, you are forced to think of something short and evocative, like, well, {\textquoteright}The Virtual Community,{\textquoteright} even though a more accurate title might be: {\textquoteright}People who use computers to communicate, form friendships that sometimes form the basis of communities, but you have to be careful to not mistake the tool for the task and think that just writing words on a screen is the same thing as real community.{\textquoteright}" - HLR },
	keywords = {community, Computer, culture, internet, media, Virtual},
	issn = {0262681218},
	url = {http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/intro.html},
	author = {Rheingold, H.}
}
@book {1249,
	title = {Christianity and the mass media in America : toward a democratic accommodation},
	series = {Rhetoric and public affairs series.},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University Press},
	organization = {East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University Press},
	abstract = {Demonstrates how religion and the media in America have borrowed each other{\textquoteright}s rhetoric. In the process, they have also helped to keep each other honest, pointing out respective foibles and pretensions. Christian media have offered the public as well as religious tribes some of the best media criticism - better than most of the media criticism produced by mainstream media themselves. Meanwhile, mainstream media have rightly taken particular churches to task for misdeeds as well as offered some surprisingly good depictions of religious life},
	keywords = {America, Christian media, communication research, media, media criticism, religion, religious life, Religious sociology, rhetoric},
	url = {http://www.worldcat.org/title/christianity-and-the-mass-media-in-america-toward-a-democratic-accommodation/oclc/53045150/editions?referer=di\&editionsView=true},
	author = {Quentin J Schultze}
}
@article {383,
	title = {Resident evil: Horror film and the construction of religious identity in contemporary media culture},
	journal = {Colloquium},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {media, popular culture, religion},
	author = {Teusner, P.}
}
@article {825,
	title = {The End of Cyberspace and Other Surprises},
	journal = {Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Worlds},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2006},
	chapter = {383},
	abstract = {This article reports on Web 2.0, the end of cyberspace, and the internet of things. It proposes that these concepts have synergies both with the current fashion for modifying physical objects with the features of virtual objects, as evidenced in O{\textquoteright}Reilly{\textquoteright}s MAKE magazine and similar projects, and with the potential technologies for collective intelligence described by Bruce Sterling, Adam Greenfield, Julian Bleecker and others. It considers Alex Pang{\textquoteright}s research on the end of cyberspace and asks whether the {\textquoteleft}new{\textquoteright} of new media writing will have any meaning in a world that is updated by the microsecond every time there is fresh activity in the system. },
	keywords = {cyberspace, media, Technologies},
	url = {http://www.google.com/url?sa=t\&rct=j\&q=\&esrc=s\&source=web\&cd=1\&ved=0CDIQFjAA\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Finstruct.uwo.ca\%2Fmit\%2F3771-001\%2FThe_End_Of_Cyberspace_and_Other_Surprises__Sue_Thomas.pdf\&ei=y_gCUY-sFcOy2wWv6YHYAw\&usg=AFQjCNERh2NDOFVfdMfiM73ReWSaj7aaEg\&bvm},
	author = {Thomas, S}
}
@book {2076,
	title = {The Amish and the media},
	year = {2008},
	publisher = {JHU Press},
	organization = {JHU Press},
	abstract = {This collection is the first scholarly treatment of the relationship between the Amish and the media in contemporary American life. The essays not only focus on the Amish as subjects in mainstream media{\textemdash}news, movies, TV{\textemdash}but also view them as producers and consumers of media themselves.

Of all the religious groups in contemporary America, few demonstrate as many reservations toward the media as do the Old Order Amish. Yet these attention-wary citizens have become a media phenomenon, featured in films, novels, magazines, newspapers, and television{\textemdash}from Witness, Amish in the City, and Devil{\textquoteright}s Playground to the intense news coverage of the 2006 Nickel Mines School shooting. But the Old Order Amish are more than media subjects. Despite their separatist tendencies, they use their own media networks to sustain Amish culture. Chapters in the collection examine the influence of Amish-produced newspapers and books, along with the role of informal spokespeople in Old Order communities.

With essays from experts in the fields of film and media studies, poetry, American studies, anthropology, and history, this groundbreaking study shows how the relationship between the Amish and the media provides valuable insights into the perception of minority religion in North American culture.},
	keywords = {Amish, media},
	issn = {9780801887895},
	url = {https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/amish-and-media},
	author = {Umble, D.Z and Weaver-Zercher, D.L}
}
@article {896,
	title = {Hope and Sorrow: Uncivil Religion, Tibetan Music Videos, and YouTube},
	journal = {Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology },
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {Tibetan activists and their supporters are interpreting the lyrical and visual symbolism of contemporary Tibetan music videos from China as a call for Tibetans to return to a shared Tibetan identity, centered around religious piety and implied civil disobedience, in order to counter fears of cultural assimilation. As the popularity of some videos on social-networking sites dovetailed with the 2008 protests in Tibet, viewers employed a progressive hermeneutical strategy which demanded a sectarian political interpretation of the lyrics and imagery of the most popular videos out of Tibet. Within China, Tibetans have begun to add these videos to the growing canon of an emerging uncivil religion, which emphasizes Tibetan cultural, linguistic, and religious autonomy within China. Through comparing online and offline ethnography, this article explores the relationship between offline and online worlds and the connections between Tibetans in China and their supporters.},
	keywords = {China, media, Music, religion, Tibet, YouTube},
	doi = {10.1080/00141844.2012.724433},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00141844.2012.724433},
	author = {Cameron David Warner}
}
@article {827,
	title = {Networks, Neighborhoods, and Communities: Approaches to the Study of the Community Question },
	journal = {Urban Affairs Review},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1979},
	chapter = {363},
	abstract = {We propose a network analytic approach to the community question in order to separate the study of communities from the study of neighborhoods. Three arguments about the community question-that "community" has been "lost," "saved," or "liberated"-are reviewed for their development, network depictions, imagery, policy implications, and current status. The lost argument contends that communal ties have become attenuated in industrial bureaucratic societies; the saved argument contends that neighborhood communities remain as important sources of sociability, support and mediation with formal institutions; the liberated argument maintains that while communal ties still flourish, they have dispersed beyond the neighborhood and are no longer clustered in solidary communities. Our review finds that both the saved and liberated arguments proposed viable network patterns under appropriate conditions, for social systems as well as individuals. },
	keywords = {community, media, Neighborhoods, networks, social network},
	url = {http://www.google.com/url?sa=t\&rct=j\&q=\&esrc=s\&source=web\&cd=1\&ved=0CDIQFjAA\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fcourseweb.lis.illinois.edu\%2F~katewill\%2Ffall2009-lis590col\%2Fwellman\%2520leighton\%25201979\%2520networks\%2520neighborhoods.pdf\&ei=0_0CUfHWFqb22AW68YG4Bw\&usg=AFQj},
	author = {Wellman, B. and Leighton, B}
}
