@article {346,
	title = {Mass Media and Religious Identity: A Case Study of Young Witches},
	journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion },
	volume = {48},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {501-514},
	chapter = {501},
	keywords = {alternative religion online, identity, teen witches},
	author = {Berger, Helen and Douglas Ezzy}
}
@inbook {509,
	title = {Reading race on-line; discovering racial identity in usenet discussions},
	booktitle = {Communities in Cyberspace},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {60-75},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London \& New York},
	abstract = {This wide-ranging introductory text looks at the virtual community of cyberspace and analyses its relationship to real communities lived out in today{\textquoteright}s societies. Issues such as race, gender, power, economics and ethics in cyberspace are grouped under four main sections and discussed by leading experts: * identity * social order and control * community structure and dynamics * collective action. This topical new book displays how the idea of community is being challenged and rewritten by the increasing power and range of cyberspace. As new societies and relationships are formed in this virtual landscape, we now have to consider the potential consequences this may have on our own community and societies. Clearly and concisely writtenwith a wide range of international examples, this edited volume is an essential introduction to the sociology of the internet. It will appeal to students and professionals, and to those concerned about the changing relationships between information technology and a society which is fast becoming divided between those on-line and those not.
},
	keywords = {identity, internet, race, Usenet},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=210IkjyN8gEC\&pg=PA10\&lpg=PA10\&dq=Reading+race+on-line;+discovering+racial+identity+in+usenet+discussions\&source=bl\&ots=Xv2QeLJjvv\&sig=K1teJw4Ir9QY9__-Z6D_XYGqEN4\&hl=en\&sa=X\&ei=C7ffT9qxO4Oa2gXb0KmWCg\&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBw$\#$v=onepa},
	author = {Burkhalter, B}
}
@article {1191,
	title = {Religion and the Internet: A microcosm for studying Internet trends and implications},
	journal = {new media \& society},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2012},
	chapter = {680},
	abstract = {This article argues that paying close attention to key findings within the study of religion 
and the Internet, a subfield of Internet Studies, can enhance our understanding and 
discussion of the larger social and cultural shifts at work within networked society. 
Through a critical overview of research on religion online, five central research areas 
emerge related to social practices, online{\textendash}offline connections, community, identity, and 
authority online. It is also argued that observations about these themes not only point 
to specific trends within religious practice online, but also mirror concerns and findings 
within other areas of Internet Studies. Thus, studying religion on the Internet provides 
an important microcosm for investigating Internet Studies{\textquoteright} contribution in a wide range 
of contexts in our contemporary social world.},
	keywords = {Authority, community, Computer, Contemporary Religious Community, cyberspace, identity, internet, Mass media, network, New Media and Society, new media engagement, New Technology and Society, offline, Online, online communication, Online community, religion, religion and internet, Religion and the Internet, religiosity, religious engagement, religious identity, Religious Internet Communication, Religious Internet Communities, Ritual, sociability unbound, Sociology of religion, users{\textquoteright} participation, virtual community, virtual public sphere, {\textquotedblleft}digital religion{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Internet Studies{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}media and religion{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}media research{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}networked society{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}online identity{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}religion online{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}religious congregations{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}religious media research{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}religious practice online{\textquotedblright}},
	url = {http://nms.sagepub.com/content/15/5/680.abstract},
	author = {Heidi A Campbell}
}
@book {286,
	title = {Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, Futures},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {Authority, avatars, community, history, identity, internet, online church, social media, theology, theory of religion online},
	url = {http://www.paulinehopecheong.com},
	author = {Pauline Hope Cheong and Fischer-Nielsen, Peter and Gelfgren, Stefan and Ess, Charles}
}
@inbook {284,
	title = {Religion 2.0? Relational and hybridizing pathways in religion, social media and culture},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, Futures},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1-24},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	chapter = {Religion 2.0? Relational and hybridizing pathways in religion, social media and culture.},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {Authority, community, identity, internet, religion, social media},
	url = {http://www.paulinehopecheong.com},
	author = {Pauline Hope Cheong and Ess, Charles}
}
@book {1287,
	title = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	keywords = {Australia, cyberspace, identity, internet, Islam, religion, Spirituality, USA, virtual community, Youth},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=wv7yBEkNy90C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PP2\&dq=religion+and+internet\&ots=CA4s_YcVP2\&sig=xdDIUwtCtkJoZbGLjswTPVLMeg4$\#$v=onepage\&q=religion\%20and\%20internet\&f=false},
	author = {Lorne L. Dawson and Douglas E. Cowan}
}
@inbook {408,
	title = {Identity and deception in the virtual community},
	booktitle = {Communities in Cyberspace},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {29-59},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London \& New York},
	abstract = {This wide-ranging introductory text looks at the virtual community of cyberspace and analyses its relationship to real communities lived out in today{\textquoteright}s societies. Issues such as race, gender, power, economics and ethics in cyberspace are grouped under four main sections and discussed by leading experts:

* identity
* social order and control
* community structure and dynamics
* collective action.

This topical new book displays how the idea of community is being challenged and rewritten by the increasing power and range of cyberspace. As new societies and relationships are formed in this virtual landscape, we now have to consider the potential consequences this may have on our own community and societies. Clearly and concisely written with a wide range of international examples, this edited volume is an essential introduction to the sociology of the internet. It will appeal to students and professionals, and to those concerned about the changing relationships between information technology and a society which is fast becoming divided between those on-line and those not.},
	keywords = {deception, identity, virtual community},
	url = {http://harvard.academia.edu/JudithDonath/Papers/554206/Identity_and_deception_in_the_virtual_community},
	author = {Donath, J. S.}
}
@article {378,
	title = {Imaging religious identity: intertextual play among postmodern Christian bloggers},
	journal = {Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2010},
	abstract = {In the fledgling but rapidly growing academic discipline of religion, media and culture, much attention has been paid to the use of new media to create and develop individual religious identities, build connections and foster group identities. Yet to date most research has focussed on exchanges of literal text between users, and little has considered the importance of visual text (either still images or videos) in the communication of meaning in online environments. In this presentation, I would like to introduce the image as an object of research in the construction of religious identity in online interaction.
 The presentation will explore the blogs of 35 Australians who are conversant with a religious movement known as {\textquotedblleft}the emerging church{\textquotedblright}, a global collection of ideas and conversations residing mainly in traditional Protestant churches that seeks new expressions of faithful living in postmodern urban culture, and challenges the consumerism of contemporary evangelicalism seen in {\textquotedblleft}the megachurch{\textquotedblright}. By the use of captioned images, video capture (including links to YouTube) and web page design, I will show how bloggers endeavour to present themselves as being {\textquotedblleft}on the margins{\textquotedblright} of conventional Christian life and practice, and employ intertextual play to challenge modern binary oppositions of orthodoxy/heresy, art/dirt, fun/work, and constructions of gender and ethnicity.},
	keywords = {Blogging, Christian, identity, religion},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/volltexte/2010/11300/pdf/06.pdf},
	author = {Emerson Teusner, Paul}
}
@article {1992,
	title = {Religious testimonial narratives and social construction of identity: Insights from prophetic ministries in Botswana },
	journal = {Cogent Social Sciences},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07/2017},
	pages = {15},
	type = {Research},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {Giving a testimony forms a central part of the religious practices among Pentecostal churches including prophetic ministries. Testimony links the understanding of one{\textquoteright}s religious experience and the configuration of the divine intervention. Utilizing data collected through ethnographic observation among prophetic ministries in Botswana and digital ethnography of the testimonial narratives circulated online through various new media outlets of these ministries, this paper examines the ways in which religious identity is constructed and understood through the testimonial performance in various religious services. Informed by the premise that narrative is closely related to identity, the paper pays particular attention to the extent to which religious testimonies influence the dynamic relationship between
individual, communal and institutional religious identity. The following questions are central to the analysis: In what ways does a religious testimony inform us about the construction and negotiation of religious identity? To what extent does a religious testimony influence the dynamic relationship between individual, communal and institutional religious identity? While suggesting that religious identity constructions and negotiations are embedded within the sharing of religious testimonies, I also argue that the sharing of a religious testimony has an agentive function of extending the social relationship between an individual believer, other believers and the religious community within which the testimony is shared.},
	keywords = {Facebook, identity, prophetic ministries, testimony},
	doi = {doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1356620},
	author = {Faimau, G.}
}
@mastersthesis {310,
	title = {Rhythms and Rhymes of Life: Music and identification processes of Dutch-Moroccan youth},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2008},
	note = {http://www.miriamgazzah.nl/uploads/4/5/7/7/4577982/rhythmsrhymesdissertation2008aup.miriamgazzah.pdf},
	month = {2008},
	school = {Amsterdam University Press},
	type = {PhD},
	keywords = {Dutch, identity, Music, Youth},
	author = {Gazzah, Miriam}
}
@article {1224,
	title = {Authority in the Virtual Sangat : Sikhism, Ritual and Identity in the Twenty-First Century},
	journal = {Online {\textendash} Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet},
	volume = {02.1},
	year = {2006},
	chapter = {24},
	abstract = {In her paper Authority in the Virtual Sangat. Sikhism, Ritual and Identity in the Twenty-First Century, Doris Jakobsh analyses the change of authority based on her research on Sikhs on the Internet. She stresses the Web as a {\textquoteleft}third place{\textquoteright} of communication among the Sikhs as well as the phenomenon of new authorities online. However, this does not imply the replacement of the traditional seats of authority, the Akal Takht, SGPC, or gurdwara managements, but one can recognize a significant shift away from these traditional sites of authority toward the {\textquoteleft}new authorities{\textquoteright}, the intermediaries of cyberspace. Her analysis shows that this aspect of the Sikh experience brings with it the most profound challenges and, most importantly, a need to bridge the post-modern individual, i.e. {\textquoteleft}Sikh tradition{\textquoteright} intertwined and legitimated by the metanarrative, and the proliferation of new authorities who have become intermediaries of Sikhism online by virtue of their expertise within the digital domain.},
	keywords = {Akal Takht, Authority, Digital Religion, identity, online communication, Ritual, Sangat, Sikhism, Sociology of religion, third place},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/ojs/index.php/religions/article/view/374},
	author = {Jakobsh, Doris R}
}
@inbook {672,
	title = {Identity },
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Digital Religion offers a critical and systematic survey of the study of religion and new media. It covers religious engagement with a wide range of new media forms and highlights examples of new media engagement in all five of the major world religions. From cell phones and video games to blogs and Second Life, the book:

    provides a detailed review of major topics
    includes a series of case studies to illustrate and elucidate the thematic explorations
    considers the theoretical, ethical and theological issues raised.

Drawing together the work of experts from key disciplinary perspectives, Digital Religion is invaluable for students wanting to develop a deeper understanding of the field.},
	keywords = {Digital, identity, religion},
	issn = {9780415676106 },
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M.},
	editor = {Campbell, H.}
}
@article {2118,
	title = {Group identity and social closeness: Secular and Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israeli academic institutions},
	journal = {International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {259-279},
	abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to study examine the social identity of Ultra-Orthodox students enrolled in institutions of higher learning in Israel, and specifically the ways in which the identity of Ultra-Orthodox students who interact with other groups on campus compares to the identity of self-segregated Ultra-Orthodox students. Traditionally, Ultra-Orthodox students have preferred self-segregated educational institutions. Today, however increasing numbers of Ultra-Orthodox Jews are enrolling in regular academic institutions. Although they study in separate, homogeneous classrooms, they interact with secular students within the framework of the institution.},
	keywords = {identity, Israeli society, Secular, Ultra-Orthodox Jews},
	url = {https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2017-0085},
	author = {Moskovich, Y and Liberman, I}
}
@article {419,
	title = {Beyond the traditional-modern binary: faith and identity in muslim women{\textquoteright}s online matchmaking profiles},
	journal = {CyberOrient},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {Finding a suitable partner in both diasporic and non-diasporic settings proves increasingly challenging for young Muslims, especially those unable or not wanting to search within their kinship networks. At the same time, religious matchmaking websites are becoming increasingly common especially among Muslim women. As studies of Muslim matchmaking sites tend to focus on the ever-popular topic of the headscarf and its associations in the matchmaking context, a much more comprehensive study of the specificity of the online religious identities and self-representation is required. This paper examines a number of profiles of young Muslim women using online matchmaking sites and discusses broad themes of faith, ethnicity and identity that emerge in the analysis.},
	keywords = {identity, information and communication technology, matchmaking, Muslim women, social aspects, websites},
	url = {http://www.cyberorient.net/article.do?articleId=6219},
	author = {Piela, A.}
}
@article {1243,
	title = {Ethnic Revival, and the Reappearance of Indigenous Religions in the ROC : the Use of the Internet in the Construction of Taiwanese Identities},
	journal = {Online {\textendash} Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet},
	volume = {02.1},
	year = {2006},
	chapter = {41},
	abstract = {Michael Rudolph{\textquoteright}s article Nativism, Ethnic Revival, and the Reappearance of Indigenous Religions in the ROC: The Use of the Internet in the Construction of Taiwanese Identities deals with rituals presented on Taiwanese Websites in the context of identity construction. Since the mid-nineties, long abandoned and very un-Chinese ritual practices suddenly seemed to become popular again in China{\textquoteright}s runaway-province Taiwan: in spite of the fact that most of the island{\textquoteright}s 2\% of indigenous population had been Christianized for half a century, intellectual elites of different aboriginal groups now referred to ancestor-gods, tattooing and even headhunting again as essential parts of their own traditional repertoire, often making abundant use of the Internet in order to propagate these convictions to a broader Chinese speaking public. This contribution not only scrutinises the political context that made such a development possible, but also assesses this practice in terms of the identity construction of the specific ethnic groups.},
	keywords = {aboriginal groups, Digital Religion, Ethnic, identity, Indigenous Religions, internet, online communication, religion online, Ritual, Taiwan},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/ojs/index.php/religions/article/view/375/351},
	author = {Michael Rudolph}
}
@article {459,
	title = {Atheisms Unbound: The Role Of The New Media In The Formation Of A Secularist Identity},
	journal = {Secularism and Non-Religion},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {In this article we examine the Internet{\textquoteright}s role in facilitating a more visible and active secular identity. Seeking to situate this more visible and active secularist presence{\textemdash}which we consider a form of activism in terms of promoting the importance of secularist concerns and issues in public discourse{\textemdash}we conclude by looking briefly at the relationship between secularist cyber-activism and secular organizations, on one hand, and the relationship between secularist activism and American politics on the other. This allows us to further underscore the importance of the Internet for contemporary secularists as it helps develop a group consciousness based around broadly similar agendas and ideas and secularists{\textquoteright} recognition of their commonality and their expression in collective action, online as well as off. },
	keywords = {Atheism, identity, New Media, Secular},
	url = {http://www.ryananddebi.com/secularismjournal/index.php/snr/article/view/3},
	author = {Christopher Smith and Richard Cimino}
}
@article {2437,
	title = { Gamevironments Special Issue: "Nation(alism), Identity and Video Gaming"},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {Video games are a prime example of globalized media cultures, hence, questions of nation and identity have been increasingly addressed in scientific and public discourses in recent years.For this special issue, we were especially interested in dissecting the specific relationship between national socio-political contexts and game development, the influence of the notion of the nation and nationalism as well as (national) identity building processes and religious systems and their various forms of representation in video games and in the gaming community.},
	keywords = {identity, nationalism, video games},
	url = {https://www.gamevironments.uni-bremen.de/current-papers-and-archive/},
	author = {Trattner, Kathrin and Kienzl, Lisa}
}
@inbook {826,
	title = {You Are What You Install: Religious Authenticity and Identity in Mobile Apps},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	keywords = {Apps, identity, mobile, religious},
	issn = {0415676118},
	author = {Wagner, R}
}
@inbook {671,
	title = {You Are What You Install: Religious Authenticity and Identity in Mobile Apps},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Digital Religion offers a critical and systematic survey of the study of religion and new media. It covers religious engagement with a wide range of new media forms and highlights examples of new media engagement in all five of the major world religions. From cell phones and video games to blogs and Second Life, the book:

    provides a detailed review of major topics
    includes a series of case studies to illustrate and elucidate   the thematic explorations
    considers the theoretical, ethical and theological issues raised.

Drawing together the work of experts from key disciplinary perspectives, Digital Religion is invaluable for students wanting to develop a deeper understanding of the field.},
	keywords = {Apps, identity, iPhone, religion, technology},
	issn = {9780415676113 },
	author = {Wagner, R},
	editor = {Campbell, H.}
}
@article {39,
	title = {Authentic Identities: Straightedge Subculture, Music, and the Internet},
	journal = {Journal of Contemporary Ethnography},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2006},
	month = {April 2006},
	pages = {173-200},
	abstract = {In this article, the author examines the relative roles of music and the internet for self-identifying members of the straightedge youth subculture. For nearly 30 years, subcultures have been conceptualized primarily in terms of music and style. Participation has therefore typically been characterized by the consumption of specific types of music and clothing and participation in local, face-to-face music scenes. However, with the recent growth of information and communication technologies like the internet, opportunities have emerged that enable individuals to participate in subcultures in which they otherwise might not participate. The author shows that a new type of subculturalist is emerging{\textemdash}one whose subcultural participation is limited to the internet.Using the concepts of authenticity and scene, the author explores how participants in a straightedge internet forum negotiate their affiliations with the subculture and how some members attempt to halt others{\textquoteright} claims to a straightedge identity. The study suggests that the internet is emerging as a new, but highly contested, subcultural scene.},
	keywords = {authenticity, identity, internet, scene, straightedge, subculture},
	url = {http://jce.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/173},
	author = {Williams, Patrick J.}
}
