@article {106,
	title = {Cybernaughts Awake},
	year = {1999},
	institution = {Church House Publishing},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {The Church of England Board for Social Responsibility has the task of helping the Church to engage in critical debate with contemporary society. Developments in Information Technology have changed our lives in numerous ways. As the twentieth century draws to a close there can be little doubt that we have only just begun to appreciate the extent to which our social, economic and cultural life is being transformed. The board{\textquoteright}s Science, Medicine and Technology Committee proposed in 1996 that the board should commission a working party to set out some of the ethical and spiritual implications of these extraordinary developments. We are grateful to Professor Derek Burke and his colleagues for the hard work that they have put into the task of producing this report. Cybernauts Awake! is not the sort of title usually associated with the report of a working party commissioned by the Church. The style of the report is deliberately informal. It does not seek to present an official Church view. Rather, it tries to set out as clearly and fairly as possible some of the issues that we all need to be thinking about. It will have served its purpose if it encourages its readers to think - particularly if they read it on the Internet!},
	keywords = {cyber, internet},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=w4Lupu5wTNwC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Archbishop{\textquoteright}s Council, Church of England}
}
@book {122,
	title = {Islam in the Digital Age: E-jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {Pluto Press},
	organization = {Pluto Press},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {The Internet is very big in the Arab world. After Al-Jazeera, it is the second most important source of dissenting opinion. Literally, millions of people in the Muslim world rely on web-sites to get their information and fatwas. A whole new life of cyber Imams and a new culture is emerging through Internet programmes and will have a profound effect on Arab consciousness. This book documents all this and examines various sites and offers the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Internet on Islamic culture. Zia Sardar, author of Postmodernism and the Other and Why Do People Hate America. The Internet is an increasingly important source of information for many people in the Muslim world. Many Muslims in majority and minority contexts rely on the Internet -- including websites and e-mail -- as a primary source of news, information and communication about Islam. As a result, a new media culture is emerging which is having a significant impact on areas of global Muslim consciousness. Post-September 11th, this phenomenon has grown more rapidly than ever.Gary R. Bunt provides a fascinating account of the issues at stake, identifying two radical new concepts: Firstly, the emergence of e-jihad ({\textquoteright}Electronic Jihad{\textquoteright}) originating from diverse Muslim perspectives -- this is described in its many forms relating to the different definitions of {\textquoteright}jihad{\textquoteright}, including on-line activism (ranging from promoting militaristic activities to hacking, to co-ordinating peaceful protests) and Muslim expression post 9/11. Secondly, he discusses religious authority on the Internet -- including the concept of on-line fatwas and their influence in diverse settings, and the complexities of conflicting notions of religious authority.},
	keywords = {cyber, Digital, fatwas, Islam, jihad},
	author = {Gary Bunt}
}
@inbook {320,
	title = {Internet and Cyber Environments},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Religion, Communication and Media},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {177-182},
	publisher = {Berkshire Publications/Sage Reference},
	organization = {Berkshire Publications/Sage Reference},
	address = {Great Barrington},
	abstract = {Communication is at the heart of all religions. As an essential aspect of religion, communication occurs between believers, between religious leaders and followers, between proponents of different faiths, and even between practitioners and the deities. The desire to communicate with as well as convert others is also an aspect of some of the world{\textquoteright}s major religions. The Encyclopedia of Religion, Communication, and Media explores all forms of religious communication worldwide and historically, with a special emphasis on oral and written forms of communication. This A-Z organized reference work analyzes how and why the world{\textquoteright}s religions have used different means of communications through topics dealing with: * Theory and concepts in religious communication, including rhetoric, persuasion, performance, brainwashing, and more * Forms of verbal communication, such as chanting, speaking in tongues, preaching, or praying * Forms of written communication, such as religious texts,parables, mystical literature, and modern Christian publishing * Other forms of communication, including art, film, and sculpture * Religious communication in public life, from news coverage and political messages to media evangelism and the electronic church * Communication processes and their effects on religious communication, including non-sexist language, communication competence, or interfaith dialogue * Biographies of major religious communicators, including Muhammad, Jesus, Aristotle, Gandhi, and Martin Luther From the presence of religion on the internet to the effects of religious beliefs on popular advertising, communication and media are integral to religion and the expression of religious belief. With its international and multicultural coverage, this Encyclopedia is an essential and unique resource for scholars, students, as well as the general reader interested in religion, media, or communications.
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Editorial Review - Library Journal vol. 132 iss. 11 p (c) 06/15/2007
A plethora of existing encyclopedias covers the independent study of religion, communication, and the media. Few, however, manage to bring these disparate fields together. Stout (journalism \& media studies, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas; coeditor, Journal of Media and Religion ) has carefully chosen respected international scholars with expertise in a wide range of subjects{\textemdash}e.g., communication, religion, theology, and the media{\textemdash}to create this unprecedented interdisciplinary, cross-cultural encyclopedia concentrating on the various forms of written and oral religious methods used to communicate with divinity around the world. The 124 A-to-Z signed entries explore not only traditional media but also new media (e.g., cyber environments, film, and sculpture). The entries appear in a standardized format, each ranging from one to three pages in length. Major schools of thought, ancient and modern traditions, theories, and gurus are described, and each entry highlights the influence of religion on human history and contemporary society. Key ideas are often supported with excerpts, and articles are supplemented with photos and sidebars. BOTTOM LINE The division of entries into well-defined key sections and the extensive index allow efficient access to the information. These features, together with the further reading section, make this an ideal choice for large public or academic libraries serving university students, journalists, and those seeking a more thorough understanding of religion and communication{\textquoteright}s interconnection.{\textemdash}Hazel Cameron, Western Washington Univ. Libs., Bellingham  
Editorial Review - Library Journal vol. 132 iss. 11 p (c) 06/15/2007
A plethora of existing encyclopedias covers the independent study of religion, communication, and the media. Few, however, manage to bring these disparate fields together. Stout (journalism \& media studies, Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas; coeditor, Journal of Media and Religion ) has carefully chosen respected international scholars with expertise in a wide range of subjects{\textemdash}e.g., communication, religion, theology, and the media{\textemdash}to create this unprecedented interdisciplinary, cross-cultural encyclopedia concentrating on the various forms of written and oral religious methods used to communicate with divinity around the world. The 124 A-to-Z signed entries explore not only traditional media but also new media (e.g., cyber environments, film, and sculpture). The entries appear in a standardized format, each ranging from one to three pages in length. Major schools of thought, ancient and modern traditions, theories, and gurus are described, and each entry highlights the influence of religion on human history and contemporary society. Key ideas are often supported with excerpts, and articles are supplemented with photos and sidebars. BOTTOM LINE The division of entries into well-defined key sections and the extensive index allow efficient access to the information. These features, together with the further reading section, make this an ideal choice for large public or academic libraries serving university students, journalists, and those seeking a more thorough understanding of religion and communication{\textquoteright}s interconnection.{\textemdash}Hazel Cameron, Western Washington Univ. Libs., Bellingham  
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Selected pages


Title Page
Table of Contents
Index
Common terms and phrases

advertising American Anabaptists audience Baha{\textquoteright}i beliefs Bible broadcast Buddenbaum Buddhist Catholic century Christ Christian Church conflict Confucius congregation contemporary contemporary Christian music context create dance Daoist defined definition developed difficult divine early Evangelical example faith field figures film find first five Further Reading gious God{\textquoteright}s Greek groups Haredi Hindu Hinduism holy human images individual influence Internet interpretive community Islam Jesus Jewish Jews Judaism leaders ligious literacy mass media means Mennonites ment modern moral mosque movement Muslim Native American official one{\textquoteright}s oral organizations Orthodox political popular culture pornography practice prayer priests programs prophets Protestant Protestantism published Qur{\textquoteright}an radio reflect reli religion religious communities ritual Roman sacred sacrifice scholars secular sermon sexual shaman significant social society specific spiritual stories symbols televangelism televangelists television temple texts theology tion tradition University Press videos Western word worship York
Bibliographic information


Title	Encyclopedia of religion, communication, and media
Volume 8 of Religion and Society
Routledge encyclopedias of religion and society
Author	Daniel A. Stout
Editor	Daniel A. Stout
Edition	illustrated
Publisher	CRC Press, 2006
ISBN	0415969468, 9780415969468
Length	467 pages
Subjects	Language Arts \& Disciplines {\guilsinglright} Communication Studies

Communication
Communication - Religious aspects
Communication/ Religious aspects
Language Arts \& Disciplines / Communication Studies
Reference / Encyclopedias
Religion / General
Religion / Religion, Politics \& State
 	 
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{\textcopyright}2011 Google},
	keywords = {cyber, environment, internet},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=TN-qpt7kAK4C\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@book {178,
	title = {Cybergrace: The Search for God in the Digital World},
	year = {1998},
	publisher = {Crown Publishing},
	organization = {Crown Publishing},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Theologian and high-tech consultant Jennifer Cobb combines her expertise to create a new theory of the Divine in the Information Age. As computers and artificial intelligence systems become more sophisticated, the question of whether we can find spiritual life in cyberspace is beginning to be asked. CyberGrace: The Search for God in the Digital World is a bold, thought-provoking, affirmative answer to one of the most intriguing inquiries of our time. Until now, an unbridgeable schism has separated the world of the spirit and that of the machine. According to an increasingly compelling concept known as emergence, the gulf may be an imaginary one. Fifty years ago, Jesuit paleontologist Teilhard de Chardin combined his lifelong passions of God and science to predict the emergence of cyberspace, based on his studies of evolution. Using Teilhard{\textquoteright}s theories as a starting point, Jennifer Cobb asserts that as technical systems become more complex--with simple, predictable mechanisms coalescing into hierarchies of increasing organization--something elegant, inspired, and absolutely unpredictable simply and suddenly "emerges." Many observers today see this "hand of God" showing itself in disparate disciplines, from evolutionary theory to artificial intelligence--and especially in the furthest realms of cyberspace, where brute computation seems to give way to divine inspiration. CyberGrace offers paradoxical evidence that our machines may be conduits to a deeper spirituality. With daily headlines announcing dizzying advances in science and information technology, many people wonder about their--and their children{\textquoteright}s--ability to lead lives imbued by a sense of the sacred. In the new world, where the search for spirituality may seem scattered and unfocused, Cobb brilliantly uses the most popular and prevalent phenomenon of our times--the computer--to find a world filled with meaning and love.},
	keywords = {cyber, Digital, God, grace},
	author = {Cobb, Jennifer}
}
@book {428,
	title = {Japanese Cybercultures},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London \& New York},
	abstract = {Japan is rightly regarded as one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world, yet the development and deployment of Internet technology in Japan has taken a different trajectory compared with Western nations. This is the first book to look at the specific dynamics of Japanese Internet use. It examines the crucial questions: 
* how the Japanese are using the Internet: from the prevalence of access via portable devices, to the fashion culture of mobile phones
* how Japan{\textquoteright}s "cute culture" has colonized cyberspace
* the role of the Internet in different musical subcultures
* how different men{\textquoteright}s and women{\textquoteright}s groups have embraced technology to highlight problems of harassment and bullying
* the social, cultural and political impacts of the Internet on Japanese society
* how marginalized groups in Japanese society - gay men, those living with AIDS, members of new religious groups and Japan{\textquoteright}s hereditary sub-caste, the Burakumin - are challenging the mainstream by using the Internet. 
Examined from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, using a broad range of case-studies, this is an exciting and genuinely cutting-edge book which breaks new ground in Japanese studies and will be of value to anyone interested in Japanese culture, the Internet and cyberculture.},
	keywords = {culture, cyber, internet, Japan},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Japanese_cybercultures.html?id=2McTNWGncZ0C},
	author = {Nanette Gottlieb and Mark McLelland}
}
@inbook {1270,
	title = {The Immanent Internet Redux},
	booktitle = {Digital religion, social media and culture: Perspectives, Practices and Futures},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	organization = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {cyber, distopia, fantasy, internet, Networked individualism, transcendence, utopia, Virtual},
	url = {http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten\&seitentyp=produkt\&pk=60410\&concordeid=311474},
	author = {Bernie Hogan and Barry Wellman}
}
@inbook {1253,
	title = {Cybersociality: Connecting Digital Fun to the Play of God},
	booktitle = {Halos and Avatars: Playing Video Games With God},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {Westminster John Knox Press},
	organization = {Westminster John Knox Press},
	chapter = {12},
	keywords = {cyber, cybersociality, Digital Religion, digital technologies, Digital Worlds, Immersion, popular culture, theology, transcendentalize secularity, video games},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/366940/_Cybersociality_Connecting_Digital_Cultures_to_the_Play_of_God},
	author = {John W. Morehead}
}
@inbook {2160,
	title = {Cyber Sisters: Buddhist Women{\textquoteright}s Online Activism and Practice},
	booktitle = {Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion: Religion and Internet},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {BRILL},
	organization = {BRILL},
	abstract = {The interest of the book lies in the diversity of the geographical areas, religions, and online religious presence which nevertheless have a lot of points in common. Non-interactive websites, social networks, chat lines, and so on come together to provide a good panorama of the online opportunities to religions nowadays.},
	keywords = {Buddhist, cyber, online activism, Women},
	issn = {9789004297951},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=G6KXCgAAQBAJ\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA11\&dq=Internet+and+Buddhism/+Internet+and+Buddhists\&ots=gybgYVWdEA\&sig=MSwiMO5eGBQ8yXo5xzKwyknpcUE$\#$v=onepage\&q=Internet\%20and\%20Buddhism\%2F\%20Internet\%20and\%20Buddhists\&f=false},
	author = {Tomalin, E and Starkey, C and Halafoff, A}
}
