@book {252,
	title = {Reaching Out in a Networked World: Expressing Your Congregation{\textquoteright}s Heart and Soul},
	year = {2008},
	publisher = {Alban Institute},
	organization = {Alban Institute},
	address = {Herndon, VA},
	abstract = {A congregation communicates its heart and soul through words, photos, actions, programs, architecture, decor, the arts, and countless other aspects of congregational life. In Reaching Out in a Networked World, communications expert and pastor Lynne Baab examines technologies such as websites, blogs, online communities, and desktop publishing. She demonstrates how a congregation can evaluate these tools and appropriately use them to communicate its heart and soul, to convey its identity and values both within and outside the congregation.
Baab urges congregation leaders to reflect on the way they communicate. The recent explosion in communication technologies offers many new ways to present values and identity, but no one has much experience thinking about how best to use these tools. Baab seeks to help leaders use these new technologies with more precision, flair, and consistency. When congregations are intentional about communicating who they are and what they value, people in the wider community can get a clear and coherent picture of the congregation and its mission. Newcomers and visitors are more likely to see why faith commitments matter and why and how they might become involved in this congregation, while current members and leaders will greatly benefit from having a unified vision of the congregation{\textquoteright}s heart and soul.  },
	keywords = {Christianity, Congregation, Heart, network},
	url = {http://www.scribd.com/doc/14597552/Reaching-Out-In-a-Networked-World-Excerpt},
	author = {Baab, L}
}
@book {254,
	title = {The Blogging Church: Sharing the Story of Your Church Through Blogs},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
	organization = {Jossey-Bass},
	address = {CA},
	abstract = {"The Blogging Church" offers church leaders a field manual for using the social phenomenon of blogs to connect people and build communities in a whole new way. Inside you will find the why, what, and how of blogging in the local church. Filled with illustrative examples and practical advice, the authors answer key questions learned on the frontlines of ministry: Is blogging a tool or a toy? What problems will blogging solve? How does it benefit ministry? How do I build a great blog? and Who am I blogging for? "The Blogging Church" is a handbook that will inspire and equip you to join the conversation.The book includes contributions from five of the most popular bloggers in the world--Robert Scoble, Dave Winer, Kathy Sierra, Guy Kawasaki, and Merlin Mann, as well as interviews with blogging pastors such as Mark Driscoll, Craig Groeschel, Tony Morgan, Perry Noble, Greg Surratt, Mark Batterson, and many more. Praise for "The Blogging Church". "Brian Bailey makes two things crystal clear in this book: if you{\textquoteright}ve got a church, then you need to spread your story. And if you need to spread your story, blogs are now an essential tool. Time to pay attention!" Seth Godin, author, "Small Is the New Big" "I had a lot of questions about blogs and their value for my church. I{\textquoteright}m thankful that Brian and Terry are sharing their experiences to answer those questions. Their insights are for everyone in ministry. Whether you are reading blogs, writing blogs, or just trying to figure out how to use the word in a sentence, this book is for you." Mark Beeson, senior pastor, Granger Community Church "My talking head is limited to the pulpit proper. I thank God that there{\textquoteright}s a tool to reach outside the church, to those that are, sadly, outside the church. Thank you Brian and Terry for "The Blogging Church."" Bob Coy, senior pastor, Calvary Chapel, Ft. Lauderdale},
	keywords = {Blog, Christianity, Church, story},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=0IKlJ-okiaYC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Bailey, Brian and Storch, Terry and Young, Ed}
}
@book {337,
	title = {Christian Cyberspace Companion : A Guide to the Internet and Christian Online Resources},
	year = {1995},
	publisher = {Baker Books},
	organization = {Baker Books},
	address = {Grand Rapids},
	abstract = {Reference works and guides to on-line services have been appearing throughout the computer world. This is the first specifically designed for Christians who would like to take advantage of online services. Beginners learn how to choose equipment and software, while experienced net surfers are provided with a glossary of cyberspace terms, the news of coming advances, and much more.},
	keywords = {Christianity, cyberspace, internet, resources},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Christian_cyberspace_companion.html?id=28BjHCuLquoC},
	author = {Baker, J. D.}
}
@article {351,
	title = {Blogging: report from a grassroots revival},
	journal = {Stimulus},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {24-30},
	abstract = {The article reports on the current growth rate of weblogs and bloggers. According to research firm Gartner Inc., 200 million people have given up blogging, more than thrice as many as are active. Blog aggregator Technorati.com estimates that 3 million new blogs are launched every month. It is said that the secret of some of the top Christian blogs is that they are team efforts.},
	keywords = {Blog, Blogging, Christianity},
	url = {http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=c0057ab8-7d48-4813-86c0-881d143c76b7\%40sessionmgr10\&vid=2\&hid=21\&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ\%3d\%3d$\#$db=a9h\&AN=26940153},
	author = {Bednar, T.}
}
@article {304,
	title = {From {\textquoteright}Televangelist{\textquoteright} to {\textquoteright}Intervangelist{\textquoteright}: The Emergence of the Streaming Video Preacher},
	journal = {Journal of Religion and Popular Culture},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {101-117},
	abstract = {The present study begins by recovering the origins of the terms "televangelism" and "televangelist." "Televangelism" first appeared in 1958 as the title of a proselytization project of the Southern Baptist Convention that combined dramatic television programs with efforts to engage viewers in person. "Televangelist" was introduced in 1975 to describe an emerging type of American television preacher, the most successful of whom built powerful parachurch organizations. The neologism "intervangelist" is then presented to label contemporary video preachers broadcasting online. A content analysis of video platforms on the site Streaming Faith reveals a group of intervangelists who head established or aspiring megachurches. It is demonstrated that the information and opportunities for interaction surrounding the videos of these intervangelists provide their ministries with tools for gaining the attention and donations of viewers, as well as resources for attracting physical attendees to their churches. },
	keywords = {Christianity, Evangelicalism, internet, Streaming Video, Televangelism},
	url = {http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/10v704n674gjn622/},
	author = {Bekkering, Denis J.}
}
@article {90,
	title = {Who{\textquoteright}s got the power? The question of religious authority and the internet},
	journal = {Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2007},
	chapter = {14},
	abstract = {While many themes have been explored in relation to religion online{\textemdash}ritual, identity construction, community{\textemdash}what happens to religious authority and power relationships within online environments is an area in need of more detailed investigation. In order to move discussions of authority from the broad or vague to the specific, this article argues for a more refined identification of the attributes of authority at play in the online context. This involves distinguishing between different layers of authority in terms of hierarchy, structure, ideology, and text. The article also explores how different religious traditions approach questions of authority in relation to the Internet. Through a qualitative analysis of three sets of interviews with Christians, Jews, and Muslims about the Internet, we see how authority is discussed and contextualized differently in each religious tradition in terms of these four layers of authority.},
	keywords = {Authority, Christianity, internet, Islam, Judaism},
	url = {http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue3/campbell.html},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@inbook {317,
	title = {This is my church: Seeing the internet and club culture as spiritual space},
	booktitle = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {107-121},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {After sex, religion is one of the most popular and pervasive topics of interest online, with over three million Americans turning to the internet each day for religious information and spiritual guidance. Tens of thousands of elaborate websites are dedicated to every manner of expression. Religion Online provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to this burgeoning new religious reality, from cyberpilgrimages to neo-pagan chatroom communities. A substantial introduction by the editors presenting the main themes and issues is followed by sixteen chapters addressing core issues of concern such as youth, religion and the internet, new religious movements and recruitment, propaganda and the countercult, and religious tradition and innovation. The volume also includes the Pew Internet and American Life Project Executive Summary, the most comprehensive and widely cited study on how Americans pursue religion online, and Steven O{\textquoteright}Leary{\textquoteright}s field-defining Cyberspace as Sacred Space.},
	keywords = {Christianity, Church, club culture, internet},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=xy0PJrrWXH4C\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@book {83,
	title = {When Religion Meets New Media},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {This book focuses on how different Jewish, Muslim, and Christian communities engage with new media. Rather than simply reject or accept new media, religious communities negotiate complex relationships with these technologies in light of their history and beliefs. I suggest a method for studying these processes called the "religious-social shaping of technology" and students are asked to consider four key areas: religious tradition and history; contemporary community values and priorities; negotiation and innovating technology in light of the community; communal discourses applied to justify use.  A variety of examples such as the Christian e-vangelism movement, Modern Islamic discourses about computers and the rise of the Jewish kosher cell phone, demonstrate the dominant strategies which emerge for religious media users, as well as the unique motivations that guide specific groups. },
	keywords = {Christianity, Islam, Judaism, New Media},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=UykFd5cBsrYC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@article {44,
	title = {The Question of Christian Community Online: The Case of the Artist World Network},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {261-267},
	publisher = {Edinburgh University Press},
	address = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
	abstract = {The past decade has seen a steady growth of technologies and practices that can be described as religion online. In many respects Christian groups and users have led the way in using the web for spiritual practices. From church websites becoming a common form of congregational advertising and communication to the rise of cyber churches and online prayer meetings, numerous forms of Christian practice have been transposed online. The Christian community has also been at the forefront of debates over the potential impact of {\textquoteleft}doing religion{\textquoteright} online. Concerns voiced by theologians, pastors and Christian scholars have included the potential that technology might become a substitute for God, the Internet could draw people away for organised religion towards individualised spiritualities, and that the Internet might reshape notions of traditional ritual and community. In light of these questions a new area of research has developed which involves exploring how Christian religious practice is being transformed in the age of Internet technology. Within such studies, the question of Christian or religious community online continues to surface as a central area of concern. As more and more Christian Internet users become involved in various chat, email and blogging groups, they are increasingly seeing and referring to these online social networks as religious communities. For many believers their Christian community involves both online and offline friendships and affiliations, a concept still problematic and contentious to many religious leaders. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate what constitutes a Christian community online and the possibilities and challenges that exist when Christians who gather for religious purpose online begin to conceive of their group as a Christian community. This is done by exploring a particular Christian online bulletin board, the {\textquoteleft}Artist World Network{\textquoteright}, in order to understand how this group sees itself and functions as community. This investigation provides a way to address the question of what constitutes an online Christian community. It also opens up discussion on the possibilities and challenges online religious communities pose for offline Christian community.},
	keywords = {Christianity, community, internet, religion online},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.261?journalCode=swc},
	author = {Heidi Campbell and Patricia Caulderon}
}
@inbook {261,
	title = {Islamogaming: Digital Dignity via Alternative Storytelling},
	booktitle = {Halos and avatars: Playing (video) games with God},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {63-74},
	publisher = {Westminster Press},
	organization = {Westminster Press},
	address = {Louisville},
	abstract = {Craig Detweiler{\textquoteright}s collection of up-to-the-minute essays on video games{\textquoteright} theological themes (and yes, they do exist!) is an engaging and provocative book for gamers, parents, pastors, media scholars, and theologians--virtually anyone who has dared to consider the ramifications of modern society{\textquoteright}s obsession with video games and online media. Together, these essays take on an exploding genre in popular culture and interpret it through a refreshing and enlightening philosophical lens.},
	keywords = {Christianity, game studies, Islam, public sphere, video games, virtual worlds},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=GomyEvcocJsC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@book {95,
	title = {Exploring Religious Community Online: We are one in the Network},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {213},
	publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	organization = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	type = {Monograph},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Exploring Religious Community Online is a first comprehensive study of the development and implications of online communities for religious groups. This book investigates religious community online by examining how Christian communities have adopted internet technologies, and looks at how these online practices pose new challenges to offline religious community and culture. },
	keywords = {Christianity, community, email, internet, religion, religious identity},
	isbn = {978-0820471051},
	issn = {978-0820471051},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=nkEHmdr-7ZUC\&pg=PA153\&lpg=PA153\&dq=exploring+religious+community+online+heidi+campbell\&source=bl\&ots=3cedZPB9S1\&sig=Aw3jXmsZmvnlHK7agc6uIzQUSoI\&hl=en\&ei=tNOZTprkGqbKsQLRwqW3BA\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&resnum=4\&sqi=2\&v},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@article {348,
	title = {Online Religion in Nigeria: The Internet Church and Cyber Miracles},
	journal = {Journal of Asian and African Studies},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {This study examines the use of the Internet and computer-mediated communication for Christian worship in Nigeria. The seven largest and fastest growing churches in Nigeria are selected for the study, highlighting the benefits and dangers associated with online worship. The utilization of the Internet to disseminate the Christian message and attract membership across the world, and the dissemination of religious tenets and fellowship online, have resulted in the emergence of the {\textquoteleft}Internet church{\textquoteright} for members who worship online in addition to belonging to a local church. Most interesting is the increasing widespread claim of spiritual experience or {\textquoteleft}miracles{\textquoteright} through digital worship. However, there is fear that online worship endangers the offline house fellowship system, which is viewed as the reproductive organ of the local offline church. Exclusive online worshippers are also said to be susceptible to deception and divided loyalty. },
	keywords = {Christianity, Church, Nigeria, Online, religion},
	url = {http://jas.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/01/24/0021909611430935.abstract},
	author = {Innocent Chiluwa}
}
@article {657,
	title = {Ethics in Internet },
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Catholic, Christianity, Communication, ethics, internet, media, Pontifical},
	url = {www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/pccs/documents/rc_pccs_doc_20020228_ethics-internet_en.html},
	author = {Pontifical Council For Social Communications}
}
@article {2175,
	title = {From Jesus to the Internet: A History of Christianity and Media},
	journal = {Christian Scholar{\textquoteright}s Review},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {102-105},
	abstract = {The title, From Jesus to the Internet, summarizes the range of his study, while the subtitle, History of Christianity and Media, describes the substance. Horsfield connects key turning points in ecclesial history with the major communication shifts of each era, from oral to written, from print through digital. While church histories may focus on the dogma being debated, Horsfield suggests that those who marshaled media most effectively usually won the ideological war. This highly readable text has implications and applications to classes in religion, theology, history, and communication. Horsfield offers a clear and succinct overview of his methodology in the introduction. He adopts a broad definition of both religion and media, approaching Christianity as "a complex and expanding mediated phenomenon, a constant creative reproduction and rhetorical reworking of Jesus to match the conditions of an ever-expanding set of constantly changing circumstances"},
	keywords = {Christianity, internet, Jesus, media},
	url = {http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE\%7CA485538340\&sid=googleScholar\&v=2.1\&it=r\&linkaccess=abs\&issn=00172251\&p=AONE\&sw=w},
	author = {Detweiler, C}
}
@book {133,
	title = {Cyberchurch, Christianity and the Internet},
	year = {1997},
	publisher = {Kingsway Publications},
	organization = {Kingsway Publications},
	address = {Eastborne},
	keywords = {Christianity, Church, cyberspace, internet},
	author = {Dixon, Patrik}
}
@mastersthesis {384,
	title = {Emerging church bloggers in Australia: Prophets, priests and rulers in God{\textquoteright}s virtual world},
	volume = {Doctor of Philosophy},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Australia, Blogging, Christianity, Church, Virtual},
	url = {http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:6138/EmersonTeusner.pdf},
	author = {Emerson Teusner, P}
}
@article {381,
	title = {iReligion},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {This article aims to present a model for investigating the capacity of mobile devices to frame religious experience by the creation, consumption and distribution of religious media text. Exploring three iPhone religious {\textquoteleft}apps{\textquoteright}, this article will consider how the iPhone frames religious information and privileges aesthetic styles, which affects how users of the device connect with religious media text and other users. This exploration offers insights into how the iPhone as an object, together with the metaphors and symbols that are incumbent with it, frame religious experience and participation.
},
	keywords = {cell phone, Christianity, online religions},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2011.0017},
	author = {Emerson Teusner, P and Torma, R}
}
@inbook {380,
	title = {Networked individualism, discursive constructions of community and religious identity: The case of Australian Christian bloggers},
	booktitle = {Networked Sociability and Individualism: Technology for Personal and Professional Relationships},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {IGI Global},
	organization = {IGI Global},
	chapter = {13},
	address = {Hershey, PA},
	keywords = {Blogging, Christianity, emerging church, network},
	author = {Emerson Teusner, Paul}
}
@book {256,
	title = {SimChurch: Being the Church in the Virtual World},
	year = {2009},
	publisher = {Zondervan},
	organization = {Zondervan},
	address = {Grand Rapids, MI},
	abstract = {The meeting place for the church of tomorrow will be a computer screen. Don{\textquoteright}t laugh, and don{\textquoteright}t feel alarmed. The real-world church isn{\textquoteright}t going anywhere until Jesus returns. But the virtual church is already here, and it{\textquoteright}s poised for explosive growth. SimChurch invites you to explore the vision, the concerns, the challenges, and the remarkable possibilities of building Christ{\textquoteright}s kingdom online. What is the virtual church, and what different forms might it take? Will it be an extension of a real-world church, or a separate entity? How will it encourage families to worship together? Is it even possible or healthy to {\textquoteright}be{\textquoteright} the church in the virtual world? If you{\textquoteright}re passionate about the church and evangelism, and if you feel both excitement and concern over the new virtual world the internet is creating, then these are just some of the vital issues you and other postmillennial followers of Jesus must grapple with. Rich in both biblical and current insight, combining exploration and critique, SimChurch opens a long-overdue discussion you can{\textquoteright}t afford to miss.},
	keywords = {Christianity, Church, Virtual},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=a9-1bdvTXiUC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Estes, Douglas}
}
@book {257,
	title = {Thy Kingdom Connected},
	year = {2009},
	publisher = {Baker Books},
	organization = {Baker Books},
	address = {Grand Rapids, MI},
	abstract = {Networks are everywhere. From our roads to our relationships, from our food supply to our power grids, networks are an integral part of how we live. Similarly, our churches, denominations, and even the kingdom of God are networks. Knowing how networks function and how to work with rather than against them has enormous implications for how we do ministry.In Thy Kingdom Connected, Dwight J. Friesen brings the complex theories of networking to church leaders in easy-to-understand, practical ways. Rather than bemoaning the modern disintegration of things like authority and structure, Friesen inspires hope for a more connective vision of life with God. He shows those involved in ministry how they can maximize already existing connections between people in order to spread the Gospel, get people plugged in at their churches, and grow together as disciples.},
	keywords = {Christianity, Connection, networking},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=H3CgMl08rzgC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Friesen, Dwight J.}
}
@inbook {1277,
	title = {What Scripture Tells me: Spontaneity and Regulation within the Catholic Charismatic Renewal},
	booktitle = {Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice},
	year = {1997},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press },
	organization = {Princeton University Press },
	keywords = {Catholic, Charismatic Renewal, Christianity, Lived religion, religious participation},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Lived_Religion_in_America.html?id=IIk8WWy2kGsC},
	author = {Hervieu-Leger, D}
}
@inbook {598,
	title = {Religious Meaning in the Digital Age: Field Research on Internet/Web Religion.},
	booktitle = {Belief in Media: Cultural Perspective on Media and Christianity},
	publisher = {Ashgate},
	organization = {Ashgate},
	chapter = {10 (pg 121-136) },
	address = {Aldershot, UK},
	keywords = {Christianity, culture, field research, media, religious, Religious Media},
	issn = {0754638308},
	author = {Hoover, S. and Park, J.K.},
	editor = {Horsfield}
}
@article {360,
	title = {A mediated religion: historical perspectives on Christianity and the Internet},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {278-295},
	keywords = {Christianity, media, religion},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.278},
	author = {Horsfield, P. G. and Teusner, P.}
}
@article {382,
	title = {A Mediated Religion: Historical perspectives on Christianity and the Internet},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Christianity, history, internet and religion, media},
	url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/swc.2007.13.3.278},
	author = {Horsfield, P and Teusner, P.}
}
@book {1948,
	title = {From Jesus to the Internet: A History of Christianity and Media},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {Wiley Blackwell},
	organization = {Wiley Blackwell},
	address = {Hoboken, New Jersey},
	keywords = {Christianity, Digital, internet, intersection, media, religion},
	issn = {978-1-118-44738-3},
	author = {Peter Horsfield}
}
@article {604,
	title = {I Am Second: Evangelicals and Digital Storytelling},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Communication},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {16},
	chapter = {73},
	abstract = {This article explores the use of online video as a medium for spiritual autobiography through a case study of the Christian movement I am Second (IaS). IaS has published 74 short films, focused primarily on evangelical Christian celebrities. In each case, the video subject overcomes struggles or achieves fulfilment only by surrendering their lives to God and becoming {\textquoteleft}Second{\textquoteright}. These stories are shared through fan blogs, Facebook, YouTube, and offline study groups. Analysis of the design, circulation, and response to these films indicates that digital media are fostering significant shifts in the production and reception of religious storytelling.},
	keywords = {Christianity, digital storytelling, evangelism, social media},
	author = {Hutchings, T.}
}
@inbook {602,
	title = {Creating Church Online: Networks and Collectives in Contemporary Christianity},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices and Futures},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	keywords = {Christianity, Cyberchurch},
	author = {Hutchings, T.}
}
@article {601,
	title = {Contemporary Religious Community and the Online Church},
	journal = {Information, Communication \& Society},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {{\textquoteleft}Online churches{\textquoteright} are Internet-based Christian communities, seeking to pursue worship, discussion, friendship, support, proselytism and other key religious practices through computer-mediated communication. This article introduces findings of a four-year ethnographic study of five very different {\textquoteleft}online churches{\textquoteright}, focusing on the fluid, multi-layered relationship between online and offline activity developed by Christian users of blogs, forums, chatrooms, video streams and virtual worlds. Following a review of online church research and a summary of methods, this article offers an overview of each of the five groups and identifies clear parallels with earlier television ministries and recent church-planting movements. A new model of online and offline activity is proposed, focused on two pairs of concepts, familiarity/difference and isolation/integration, represented as the endpoints of two axes. These axes frame a landscape of digital practice, negotiated with great care and subtlety by online churchgoers. These negotiations are interpreted in light of wider social changes, particularly the shift from bounded community towards {\textquoteleft}networked individualism{\textquoteright}.},
	keywords = {Christianity, Cyberchurch},
	author = {Hutchings, T.}
}
@inbook {1296,
	title = {Christian Evangelizing Across National Boundaries: Technology, Cultural Capital and the Intellectualization of Religio},
	booktitle = {Religion and Place},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	chapter = {pp 21-38},
	abstract = {Christian evangelical work across national boundaries is often associated with missionary work. In this chapter, I focus on other strategies used in Christian evangelizing, particularly the widespread international dissemination and replication of courses about Christianity for the unconverted using standardized material and approaches. I examine how religious globalization (i.e. the convergence and conformity of religious practice across national boundaries) through such courses takes place, with the aid of technology, the tapping of shared cultural capital and the {\textquotedblleft}intellectualization{\textquotedblright} of religion. I argue that such forms of evangelization work for certain audiences better than for others. Using the case of the Alpha course, an evangelical Christian course originating in London and replicated in different parts of the world, and focusing on its dissemination and effects in Singapore, I demonstrate how the evangelical material works best with a transnational elite audience with a shared cultural and intellectual capital},
	keywords = {Alpha course, audience, Christianity, cultural capital, evangelical, intellectual capital, intellectualization, London, religion, Singapore},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-4685-5_2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4685-5_2},
	author = {Lily Kong}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Online Rituals in Virtual Worlds: Christian Online Services between Dynamix and Stability},
	journal = {Online-Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Christianity, Online, Ritual, Virtual},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/volltexte/2008/8293/pdf/nadja.pdf},
	author = {Miczek, N}
}
@conference {1299,
	title = {Clothed With Strength And Dignity: How Evangelical Women are Re-Claiming and  Re-Constructing the Evangelical Church in the Blogosphere},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {The World Social Science Forum},
	organization = {The World Social Science Forum},
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	abstract = {Much has been written on the significance of the religious web log or {\textquotedblleft}blog{\textquotedblright} in the past decade, 
especially as its growing popularity among authors and readers alike has coincided with the continued 
decline in institutional church attendance in the West (see Cheong et al, Corrigon et al, Campbell, and 
West). However, much less has been written on the significance of religious blogs authored by women, 
and particularly those that are written from a standpoint of cultivated ambivalencei 
toward the doctrines and practices of their religious traditions; a phenomenon that is especially poignant for feminist 
scholars to consider given the historical tendency for patriarchal religious institutions to marginalize 
and delegitimize women{\textquoteright}s voices (Bammert 155; Gallagher 215; Steiner-Aeschliman and Mauss 248). 
To that end, it is further pertinent to consider the growing popularity of religious blogs authored by 
women in North America who identify as evangelical Protestant{\textemdash}a Christian tradition that remains 
largely (albeit not exclusively) committed to the value of patriarchal authority within and outside the 
institutional church, even (and especially) while some mainline Protestant denominations have been 
adopting the value of gender equality both at the institutional and doctrinal levels (Steiner-Aeschliman 
and Mauss 248; Keller and Ruether xxxviii-xxxix). This exploratory study accordingly employs 
feminist Critical Discourse Analysis to investigate a purposive selection of religious blogs that are 
authored by evangelical women and written from a standpoint of cultivated ambivalence.},
	keywords = {Blogosphere, Christianity, Digital Religion, Evangelical Church, female, GENDER, Women},
	url = {http://www.wssf2013.org/sites/wssf2013.org/files/full_papers/extended_abstract_pdf.pdf},
	author = {Vanessa Reimer}
}
@book {2100,
	title = {Cybertheology. Thinking Christianity in the Era of the Internet},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Fordham Press},
	organization = {Fordham Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {we think Christianity and its theology. Cybertheology is the first book to explore this process from a Catholic point of view. Drawing on the theoretical work of authors such as Marshall McLuhan, Peter Levy, and Teilhard de Chardin, it questions how technologies redefine not only the ways in which we do things but also our being and therefore the way we perceive reality, the world, others, and God. "Does the digital revolution affect faith in any sense?" Spadaro asks. His answer is an emphatic Yes. But how, then, are we to live well in the age of the Internet?},
	keywords = {Christianity, Cybertheology, internet},
	issn = {9780823256990},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Cybertheology.html?id=mUhGCgAAQBAJ},
	author = {Spadaro, A and Maria Way}
}
@inbook {2170,
	title = {The {\textquotedblleft}Almost{\textquotedblright} Territories of the Charismatic Christian Internet},
	booktitle = {The Changing World Religion Map},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {3899-3912},
	publisher = {Springer },
	organization = {Springer },
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {The constantly emerging technologies of the internet are frequently described in terms that evoke space. As online technologies continue to grow in their global ubiquity, it is appropriate to consider how the virtual geographies that are conjured in online engagement extend beyond the web browser. This chapter builds upon anthropological approaches studying religious communication to consider how internet engagement with some religious Believers creates and provides a sense of presence in an inspirited world. I first discuss how anthropologists approached the relationship between religious communication and space before considering Charismatic Christians in the UK. Following 12 months of fieldwork in their churches in the South of England, I describe a range of everyday internet practices and the spiritual implications held by my informants. The key finding is that the technologies of the internet provide for Believers contexts in which they are able to perceive and directly experience the dimensions of their spiritual battles. While British Christianity continues to suffer steady decline, web-based resources allow Christians opportunities to experience connections with others as part of an unstoppable, global, wave of revival. This sense of sanctified online community is tempered by knowledge that words transmitted in some online contexts may be witnessed by non-Believers. While this knowledge is mostly welcomed by members, shared spaces such as Facebook or Youtube can become sites for spiritually hazardous confrontations. In their engagement with online media these Christians experience online comments lists, blog entries, and social networking platforms as sites in which struggles for global, national, and personal salvation are staged and restaged. For these Christians, the spaces of the internet come to be experienced as territories in constant transition.},
	keywords = {Christianity, Communication, internet, social media},
	issn = {978-94-017-9375-9},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_206$\#$citeas},
	author = {Stewart, A}
}
@inbook {1251,
	title = {The Play Is the Thing: From Bible Fights to Passions of the Christ},
	booktitle = {Halos and Avatars: Playing Video Games With God},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {Westminster John Knox Press},
	organization = {Westminster John Knox Press},
	chapter = {3},
	keywords = {Christianity, Immersion, interactivity, Jesus, narrativity, Parody, player-viewer, video games},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=GomyEvcocJsC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Wagner, R}
}
@article {1300,
	title = {Investigating religious information searching through analysis of a search engine log},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {In this paper we present results from an investigation of religious information searching based on analyzing log files from a large general-purpose search engine. From approximately 15 million queries, we identified 124,422 that were part of 60,759 user sessions. We present a method for categorizing queries based on related terms and show differences in search patterns between religious searches and web searching more generally. We also investigate the search patterns found in queries related to 5 religions: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism. Different search patterns are found to emerge. Results from this study complement existing studies of religious information searching and provide a level of detailed analysis not reported to date. We show, for example, that sessions involving religion-related queries tend to last longer, that the lengths of religion-related queries are greater, and that the number of unique URLs clicked is higher when compared to all queries. The results of the study can serve to provide information on what this large population of users is actually searching for.},
	keywords = {Buddhism, Christianity, Digital, Hinduism, information, Islam, Judaism, queries, religion, search behavior, search engine},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.22945/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=\&userIsAuthenticated=false},
	author = {Rita Wan-Chik and Paul Clough and Mark Sanderson}
}
@book {1782,
	title = {The Bishop, the Mullah, and the Smartphone},
	pages = {312},
	publisher = {Wipf \& Stock},
	organization = {Wipf \& Stock},
	address = {Eugene, Oregon},
	abstract = {Not so long ago the world resisted change, often using religious-reasoning. Small wonder--the printing press, a sixteenth century disruptive device, split Christianity. Now the globe welcomes digital disruption, even praising it as a solution for faltering economies. Religions don{\textquoteright}t have much choice but to follow, because information is a prime asset of faith. Believers treasure and reframe their past, and present. However, both old and current data is now available in huge quantities, visually and instantly. Movies provide more spiritual guidance than holy texts, and terror merchants use the uncontrollable Internet to gain hearts and minds. Nevertheless a turbulent re-mythologization of adherents towards peaceful versions of their belief can be tracked. There are positive things we can all do to help, which is just as well in a world that suggests only political acts count.},
	keywords = {bishop, Christianity, Digital, history, Islam, mullah, smartphone},
	isbn = {1498217923},
	issn = {978-1498217927},
	url = {http://www.amazon.com/Bishop-Mullah-Smartphone-Journey-Religions/dp/1498217923},
	author = {Bryan Winters}
}
@article {2141,
	title = {Digital Religion in China: A Comparative Perspective on Buddhism and Christianity{\textquoteright}s Online Publics in Sina Weibo},
	journal = {Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {44-67},
	abstract = {The proliferation of social media in China has provided traditional religious authorities with multifarious digital features to revitalise and reinforce their practices and beliefs. However, under the authoritative political system different religions pick up the new media to varying degrees, thereby showing different characteristic and style in their social media use. This paper examines the public discourse about Buddhism and Christianity (two of the great official religions in China) on China{\textquoteright}s largest microblogging platform-Sina Weibo, and seeks to reveal a distinct landscape of religious online public in China. Through a close look at the social media posts aided by a text analytics software, Leximancer, this paper comparatively investigates several issues related to the Buddhism and Christianity online publics, such as religious networks, interactions between involved actors, the economics and politics of religion, and the role of religious charitable organizations. The result supports Campbell{\textquoteright}s proposition on digital religion that religious groups typically do not reject new technologies, but rather undergo a sophisticated negotiation process in accord with their communal norms and beliefs. It also reveals that in China a secular Buddhism directly contributes to a prosperous {\textquoteleft}temple economy{\textquoteright} while tension still exists between Christianity and the Chinese state due to ideological discrepancy. The paper further points out the possible direction for this nascent research field.},
	keywords = {Buddhism, China, Christianity, Digital Religion, Online},
	url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/21659214-90000095},
	author = {Zhang, Y}
}
