@inbook {318,
	title = {Congregation of the Disembodied},
	booktitle = {Virtual Morality},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {179-199},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Contents: Mark J. P. Wolf: Introduction - Gordon Hull: Digital Media and the Scope of {\guillemotleft} Computer Ethics - Emma Rooksby: Empathy in Computer-Mediated Communication - Mark J. P. Wolf: From Simulation to Emulation: Ethics, Worldviews, and Video Games - Paul J. Ford: Virtually Impacted: Designers, Spheres of Meaning, and Virtual Communities - Jason B. Jones: Communities of Envy: Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Virtual Classroom - Jo Ann Oravec: OnLine Advocacy of Violence and Hate-Group Activity: The Internet as a Platform for the Expression of Youth Aggression and Anxiety - Chris Nagel: Hating in the Global Village - Leda Cooks: The Discursive Construction of Global Listserv Ethics: The Case of Panama-L - Heidi Campbell: Congregation of the Disembodied: A Look at Religious Community on the Internet - Maura McCarthy: Free Market Morality: Why Evangelicals Need Free Speech on the Internet - Andrew Careaga: World Wide Witness: Friendship Evangelism on the Internet - Kathy T. Hettinga: GraveImages: A Faith Visualized in a Technological Age.},
	keywords = {Congregation, disembodied},
	url = {http://tamu.academia.edu/HeidiCampbell/Papers/712633/Congregation_of_the_Disembodied._A_Look_at_Religious_Community_on_the_Internet},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@article {94,
	title = {Challenges created by online religious networks},
	journal = {Journal of Media and Religion},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {81-99},
	abstract = {This article considers the challenges that online religious communities raise for religious culture. A survey of cultural changes in media, community, and religion uncovers similar structural shifts, from hierarchical structures to more open, dynamic relationship patterns in society. Examining this shift helps explain why cyber-religion and online religious communities have become emergent phenomenon. Emphasis is placed on the argument that the Internet has thrived because it has surfaced in a cultural landscape that promotes fluid yet controlled relationships over tightly bound hierarchies. Religious online communities are expressions of these changes and challenge traditional religious definitions of community. Especially problematic is the image of community as a network of relations. This article also addresses common concerns and fears of religious critics related to online communities through an analysis of current literature on these issues, along with a synthesis of research studies relating to the social use and consequences of the Internet.},
	keywords = {community, internet, religion},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15328415jmr0302_1$\#$preview},
	author = {Heidi Campbell}
}
@article {85,
	title = {Creating digital enclaves: Negotiation of the internet amongst bounded religious communities},
	journal = {Media, Culture and Society},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {709-724},
	publisher = {Sage},
	chapter = {709},
	abstract = {This article examines the motivation behind bounded groups{\textquoteright} creation of digital enclaves online. Through in-depth interviews with 19 webmasters and staff of selected Israeli Orthodox websites three critical areas of negotiation are explored: (1) social control; (2) sources of authority; and (3) community boundaries. Examining these tensions illuminates a detailed process of self-evaluation which leads religious stakeholders and internet entrepreneurs to form these digital enclaves in order to negotiate the core beliefs and constraints of their offline communities online. These offer spaces of safety for members within the risk-laden tracts of the internet. Examining the tensions accompanying the emergence of these religious websites elucidates community affordances as well as the challenges to the authority that integration of new media poses to closed groups and societies. },
	keywords = {Authority, community, internet, Israel, Judaism},
	url = {http://mcs.sagepub.com/content/33/5/709.abstract},
	author = {Heidi Campbell and Oren Golan}
}
